Disaster Capitalism to the Rescue: The International Community and Haiti After the Earthquake

Dupuy, Alex

doi:10.1080/10714839.2010.11722192

Cited by 45 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Emergency relief provisions provided by aid agencies and I/NGOs, especially necessities such as tents, potable water, food and basic health care, were mostly focused on cities. Billions of dollars were spent by international funding agencies that promoted NGOs as substitutes for the state which weakened the government [13,43]. Nevertheless, farmers reported receiving no support, leading to increased crime, mortality, and hunger [44].…”

Section: Haitian Earthquakementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This disaster also posed a substantial challenge to the provision of health services as a result of damage to >500 health facilities [27]. Infrastructure such as bridges, electric poles, and telephone towers was washed away, and the resulting loss to the means of communication delayed emergency help from the authorities [43]. Rural households were more commonly impacted and slower to recover [12].…”

Section: Pakistan Floodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impacts of natural disasters on smallholder farmers: gaps and recommendations

Chapagain

Raizada

2017

Agric & Food Secur

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Here, we review the impacts of recent natural disasters in developing countries on rural agriculture and livelihoods with the objective of understanding gaps and providing recommendations. Lessons from these disasters demonstrate that national governments, aid agencies, and international/non-governmental organizations (I/NGOs) are effective primarily at distributing short-term products (e.g. food packages and tarpaulin) to cities. Such products are inexpensive, simple to procure, and easily quantifiable for donors. Unfortunately, the literature suggests that many national governments and foreign NGOs are ineffective at assisting rural farmers in the short and long term. Given that the global community is somewhat effective at distributing short-term products, we suggest that a similar strategy should be developed for rural areas, but focusing on products that can assist farm households. There appears to be a gap in knowledge of effective products that can target such households after a disaster. We propose an emergency sustainable agriculture kit (eSAK) framework for disaster relief in rural areas that involves a comprehensive list of products that can be combined into packages to address the needs of shelter, hunger, first aid, seeds, preservation of indigenous crop varieties, and post-disaster labour shortages. We also propose ideas on how to re-purpose relief products provided to urban areas to assist with farm needs. Products highlighted are rolls of agricultural-grade plastics, low-oxygen grain storage bags, waterproof gardening gloves, multi-use shovels, seeds of early maturing crops, fertilizers, inexpensive farming tools, temporary food support, and first-aid kits. These products are needed, inexpensive, labour efficient, compact, lightweight, available/procurable on a large scale, simple, and re-usable. Furthermore, correct use and re-purposing of the products can be explained using accompanying graphical illustrations, which is critical for rural illiterate households. As distribution to rural areas is a challenge, especially after a disaster, we propose the use of pre-existing alcohol/cigarette/snackfood distribution networks as a novel strategy for rural disaster relief. These efforts must be in partnership with local officials and grassroots organizations, with dedicated funding from governments and international aid agencies. It is hoped that global stakeholders will benefit from these recommendations to assist affected farmers after a crisis.

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Section: Haitian Earthquakementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pakistan Floodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of natural disasters on smallholder farmers: gaps and recommendations

Chapagain

Raizada

2017

Agric & Food Secur

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“…The extent to which citizen participation leads to project success or failure is often determined by whether the agents of power -who assume authority over the project by holding the purse-strings -are working with people or exerting power over people (Dupuy, 2010). While there is a considerable difference between the outcomes of the two approaches, the engagement processes on the surface are seldom distinct from one another.…”

Section: Design Equitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Casting an architectural lens on disaster reconstruction

Lee

2013

Disaster Prevention and Management

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Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to serve two main purposes: first, casting an architectural lens over the disaster context propagates deeper understanding of affected communities who depend on, and can benefit from, better understanding of rebuilding processes; second, by reframing architecture as a "social equaliser" we can make sustainable buildings more accessible to a society that is undergoing massive post-disaster change. Design/methodology/approach -This paper presents the findings of my doctoral research on the role of architects in humanitarian endeavours. Based on empirical research and fieldwork conducted on professional responses to three recent disasters: the 2010 Canterbury earthquake; the 2010 Haiti earthquake; and the 2004 Hurricane Katrina, the author has used Horst Rittel's design methods paradigm as a conceptual framework to reconstruct and re-evaluate our understanding of disasters. Drawing from 49 semi-structured interviews with key architectural-design practitioners in the three case sites, this study proposes a re-conceptualisation of urban reconstruction that prioritises community empowerment through design processes rather than through architectural symbolism. Findings -Drawing from 49 semi-structured interviews with key architectural-design practitioners in the three case sites, this study proposes a re-conceptualisation of urban reconstruction that prioritises community empowerment through design processes rather than through architectural symbolism. Practical implications -This study is an attempt to reconcile the contentious views that exist across multiple sectors by offering design as an ultimately renewable resource and a source of community empowerment. Originality/value -The main value proposition of this research paper is that, while many studies acknowledge disasters as truly "wicked problems" (resistant to resolution and riddled with complexities), few attempts to integrate the multi-disciplinary perspectives that can advance our understanding of disasters.

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“…The story of foreign intervention in this sector is too long to detail here. For a discussion of these events, see Dupuy 1997Dupuy , 1989McGuigan 2006. 3. Rice farmers were not the only casualties; goat and cow farmers were also displaced by cheaper U.S. poultry imports.…”

Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haiti's Post-Earthquake Transformation: What of Agriculture and Rural Development?

Shamsie

2012

Lat. Am. polit. soc.

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This article examines post‐earthquake aid to agriculture and food security in Haiti. It argues that the much‐heralded increase in assistance to rural development is likely to fall short of expectations because it comes with a superficial rebranding of a not very useful approach. Macroeconomic policy content remains largely nonnegotiable, full trade liberalization is still favored, and a reliance on free market forces that tend to favor relatively well off, export‐oriented farmers still lingers. Furthermore, conflicting approaches to addressing food insecurity highlight an already severe democratic deficit. It appears that the contours of agricultural and food security policy, and hence the destinies of rural Haitians, stand to be shaped from the outside yet again. While new aid resources may offer some modest relief, they hold out only limited opportunities for addressing the profound deprivations and disparities that afflict the rural hinterland.

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Disaster Capitalism to the Rescue: The International Community and Haiti After the Earthquake

Cited by 45 publications

References 0 publications

Impacts of natural disasters on smallholder farmers: gaps and recommendations

Impacts of natural disasters on smallholder farmers: gaps and recommendations

Casting an architectural lens on disaster reconstruction

Haiti's Post-Earthquake Transformation: What of Agriculture and Rural Development?

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