Disassembly Factories for Electrical and Electronic Products To Recover Resources in Product and Material Cycles

Başdere, B.; Seliger, G.

doi:10.1021/es034555g

Cited by 73 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…To achieve this objective, prior research focused on automation of non-destructive disassembly processes for, among others, washing machines (Seliger et al, 2002), personal computers (Torres, 2004) and mobile phones (Basdere, 2003). However, the industrial adoption of such automated disassembly processes for the treatment of the current generation of EoL products is limited due to the high diversity of applied fasteners, as well as the broad variety and the variation in the condition of returning products (Kim et al, 2009;Merdan et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elastomer-based fastener development to facilitate rapid disassembly for consumer products

Peeters

Vanegas

Bossche

et al. 2015

Journal of Cleaner Production

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Increasing resource prices, ever-higher complexity of products, recent developments in legislation and the importance of a green brand image have resulted in an increased interest of original equipment manufacturers to facilitate a disassembly based end-of-life treatment for their products. The main reason is that precious metals, rare earth elements and plastics can be recovered with the highest yield and purity in a disassembly based treatment. However, original equipment manufacturers currently face several issues for the implementation of design for disassembly. To overcome these issues, first of all an in-depth analysis of design-for-disassembly opportunities and challenges is presented. Taking into account the results of this analysis, innovative low-cost elastomer-based fasteners have been developed, which can be simultaneously released by applying a sufficiently high force over a period of time. In addition, an experimental validation method was developed and adopted to demonstrate that the developed fasteners allow reducing the disassembly time by 70% to 90% for the housing of LCD TVs without compromising product robustness. The presented calculations indicate that the implementation of the developed fasteners is profitable from an overall perspective in regions with a labor cost higher than 7 €/h. However, original equipment manufacturers currently lack incentives to adopt design for disassembly for products sold in a Business-to-Consumer market, which are jointly collected and treated at end-of-life. Therefore, a differentiation in recycling fees proportional to the reduction in disassembly time is proposed to provide economic stimuli for original equipment manufacturers to implement these fasteners. Such a differentiation scheme, combined with the presented insights on opportunities to facilitate disassembly processes and the required resistance of fasteners to forces in function of time, will stimulate and enable the development of products which can be disassembled in an economically viable manner, resulting in improved material recovery from end-of-life products in industrialized regions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elastomer-based fastener development to facilitate rapid disassembly for consumer products

Peeters

Vanegas

Bossche

et al. 2015

Journal of Cleaner Production

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“…To lower the human interaction during the disassembly process and the related costs, prior research focused on semi or full automation of standard disassembly operations for, among others, washing machines [14], personal computers [15], LCD monitors [16], mobile phones [17,18], and remote controls [19]. However, to date, only a limited number of cases have been documented in which automated disassembly has been implemented in a robust and industrially viable fashion, such as the remanufacturing of single-use cameras [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pressure-sensitive fasteners for active disassembly

Peeters

Bossche

Devoldere

et al. 2015

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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This paper presents a number of novel active fasteners developed to significantly lower disassembly costs during reconditioning, remanufacturing, and recycling of products. In the initial stage of the fastener development process, the applicability of distinct trigger signals for active disassembly (AD) is evaluated. Based on this evaluation, the high robustness of using a pressure increase or decrease as a nondestructive trigger for AD is demonstrated. Since previously proposed pressure-sensitive fasteners face considerable drawbacks upon implementation in electronic products due to the ongoing trend of miniaturization, a second generation of pressure-based active fasteners is developed. Evaluation of these fasteners by means of axiomatic design techniques and prototyping demonstrates that the presented snap-fits, which make use of a closed-cell elastomer foam, are most robust. Subsequently, the contraction forces that closed-celled foams can exert as a function of an increase in ambient air pressure are experimentally determined. Furthermore, the implementation of pressure-sensitive foam-based snap-fits in both a modem and a payment terminal is described. Results of these experiments demonstrate that the contraction force of a cross-linked metallocene polyethylene closed-cell foams can reach up to 6 N/cm 2 at an overpressure of 2 bar and that the foam-based snap-fits can be released at a pressure increase of 2 bar.

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“…Cell phone manufacturers continued these efforts with similar basic assessments of material composition and energy requirements [11][12][13][14]. At the same time, the literature on product remanufacturing in management science and industrial engineering discovered cell phones as a case study but was mostly focused on production and operations management issues [15][16][17][18][19]. Guide et al [20] and Skerlos et al [21] added economic and/or environmental assessments to their industrial engineering research on cell phone remanufacturing.…”

Section: Introduction and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The economics of cell phone reuse and recycling

Geyer

Blass

2009

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

257

154

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There is widespread consensus that landfill of waste electronic and electric equipment is not an acceptable end-of-use management option. Diversion from landfill, either through voluntary or mandatory take-back and collection programs, overwhelmingly leads to the recycling of e-waste, which typically consists of the recovery of a limited number of metals. Cell phones are currently one of the few electronic products, if not the only one, that also have a thriving reuse market. In fact, more handsets are reused than recycled. Cell phones therefore offer the rare opportunity to compare closed-loop supply chains for e-waste reuse and recycling. In this paper, we examine the economics of cell phone reuse and recycling based on detailed primary data collected from reverse logistics, reuse and recycling operations in 2003 in the UK and in 2006 in the US. We show that while cell phone reuse has a healthy profit margin, handset recycling is currently a by-product of reuse.

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Disassembly Factories for Electrical and Electronic Products To Recover Resources in Product and Material Cycles

Cited by 73 publications

References 6 publications

Elastomer-based fastener development to facilitate rapid disassembly for consumer products

Elastomer-based fastener development to facilitate rapid disassembly for consumer products

Pressure-sensitive fasteners for active disassembly

The economics of cell phone reuse and recycling

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