Disappearing Targets? Poverty Areas in Central Cities

Knox, Paul

doi:10.1080/01944368808976676

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…Counties experiencing an increase in poverty rates during the 1970s were few and scattered, but consist of two types. First, a number of counties containing large, older cities in the eastern half of the country showed substantial deterioration, especially Detroit, Chicago, New York City, Newark, Philadelphia, and Atlanta, as poverty populations became concentrated into isolated areas of great destitution (Knox 1988). In addition, a number of rural counties dispersed across the Great Plains and western states registered increases in poverty rates during the 1970s.…”

Section: Landscapes Of American Povertymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ascendant corporate powers were located in industrialized countries such as Japan and West Germany, which had completed recovery from the destruction of World War I1 and were increasingly searching for outlets abroad. In addition, a select few of the previously nonindustrialized countries emerged as competitors in global manufacturing, while a larger number began to assert control over their own resources, which had been cheaply exploited for U.S. production (Knox and Agnew 1989). US.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Changing Map of American Poverty in an Era of Economic Restructuring and Political Realignment

Kodras¹

1997

Economic Geography

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The intent of this study is to demonstrate that an understanding of poverty in geographic and historical perspective can powerfully inform the societal debate over the causes of poverty. I argue that conservative theory, attributing poverty to individual deficiencies, such as indolence and low aspirations, falters when the spatial dynamics of poverty in the United States are considered. The changing map of American poverty does not represent an ebb and flow of lassitude among the nation's population; rather, it reflects the geographic contours of recent transformations in the American political economy. I begin by investigating the changing map of poverty over the last two decades of economic restructuring and political realignment in the United States. I then present five brief case studies to demonstrate that poverty is geographically produced, as alterations in the market and the state emanating from the global and national levels are differentially translated into the social order of locales to generate distinctive prospects for affluence or impoverishment. Taken together, the five vignettes illustrate geographic diversity not only in the incidence of poverty, but also in the generative processes, modes of resistance or accommodation, and experience of poverty.

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Section: Landscapes Of American Povertymentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Changing Map of American Poverty in an Era of Economic Restructuring and Political Realignment

Kodras¹

1997

Economic Geography

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“…These regional differences in the rate of poverty concentration growth have been seen as a component of broader economic and demographic transformations that have also played out unevenly across the national urban system (Knox, 1988). Elaborating on this theme, Moore (I 989) argued that Wilson's depopulation hypothesis requires "amplification" for Hispanics in the cities of the Southwest where neighborhood change is quite different:…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Poverty Area Diffusion: The Depopulation Hypothesis Examined

Greene¹

1991

Urban Geography

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Large tracts of land in American inner cities were transformed into extreme poverty areas between 1970 and 1980. Today, these extreme poverty areas have become the localities of what are popularly known as "underclass" behaviors. The leading explanation for the large increases in poverty areas is frequently referred to as Wilson's "depopulation" hypothesis. This paper examines the role depopulation plays in the growth of extreme poverty areas. A growth typology of extreme poverty areas reveals four different neighborhood outcomes resulting from population change. The evidence demonstrates that the depopulation hypothesis does not describe the growth circumstances of all poverty areas. Regional variations in poverty area depopulation rates are a reflection of how broader demographic and economic changes have played out unevenly across the national urban system. f i e Depopulation HypothesisThe most often cited explanation for the recent increases in poverty areas is Wilson's depopulation hypothesis, which states that these poverty areas developed as 526

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“…This approach bears strong similarity to that used by Paul Knox (1988). We use 28 variables (denoted by x 1 through x 28 ) from the China City Statistical Yearbook covering a range of economic, demographic and land use characteristics as enumerated in Table 3.…”

Section: Cluster Profiles and Identification Of City Prototypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Importantly, these socioeconomic data are quite distinct from the key word data used to generate the clusters, so they enable us to develop cluster profiles independently. Using a method similar to one employed by Knox (1988), we generate cluster means for each variable embodied in the Statistical Yearbook profiles and we then characterise each cluster empirically based on any marked deviations from the corresponding grand means for the entire set of cities under study. This second stage helps us to gain further insight into the distinctive empirical characteristics of clusters of cities derived from the prior key word analysis and it leads very naturally to the third stage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seven Prototypical Chinese Cities

Heikkila¹,

Xu²

2013

Urban Studies

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Not all Chinese cities are alike, and these differences are reflected in the challenges posed by urbanisation and the corresponding responses cities undertake, including the formulation of mandated five-year plans. These plans emerge from and contribute to a larger discursive process by which planners and other actors frame an understanding of the key issues that cities need to address. This research undertakes a content analysis of the 11th five-year plans of 286 major cities in China, leading to the identification of a set of key words permeating those texts. A cluster analysis is then conducted based on those key words describing principal tasks outlined in the five-year plans. Seven distinct clusters of cities emerge and an additional analysis using socioeconomic data from the China City Statistical Yearbook identifies the defining characteristics of each cluster and prototypical cities within them (Jilin, Liuzhou, Zhuzhou, Nanping, Xinyu, Chengde and Mianyang). Finally, by comparing the present socioeconomic profile and prospective development issues of each cluster, implications for national urban planning strategies in China are discussed.

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Disappearing Targets? Poverty Areas in Central Cities

Cited by 7 publications

References 4 publications

The Changing Map of American Poverty in an Era of Economic Restructuring and Political Realignment

The Changing Map of American Poverty in an Era of Economic Restructuring and Political Realignment

Poverty Area Diffusion: The Depopulation Hypothesis Examined

Seven Prototypical Chinese Cities

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