Disappearance of phenobarbital and diphenylhydantoin from serum of children

Garrettson, Lorne K.; Dayton, Peter G.

doi:10.1002/cpt1970115674

Cited by 75 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Clinical pharmacokinetic studies have consistently demonstrated that the clearances of many hepatically-metabolized drugs, such as theophylline (8), carbamazepine (9), phenytoin (10) and phenobarbital (10), are increased in young children (ages 2-11 years) relative to adults. Consequently, higher mg/kg doses are often required to achieve comparable levels of systemic exposure.…”

Section: Changes In Hepatic Drug Clearance During Adolescencementioning

confidence: 99%

Hormonal Regulation of Hepatic Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme Activity During Adolescence

Kennedy

2008

Clin Pharmacol Ther

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Activities of drug metabolizing enzymes (DME) are known to change throughout the course of physical and sexual maturation with the greatest variability noted during infancy and adolescence. The mechanisms responsible for developmental regulation of DME are currently unknown. However, the hormonal changes of puberty/adolescence provide a theoretical framework for understanding biochemical regulation of DME activity during growth and maturation. Important information regarding potential influences of growth and sex hormones can also be extrapolated from studies evaluating changes in activities of DMEs occurring as a consequence of physiologic, pathologic and/or pharmacologic hormonal fluctuations. Collectively, current data support the hypothesis that isoform-specific alterations in DME activity during adolescence are mediated via sex and/or growth hormones. Characterization of the underlying biochemical alterations responsible for developmental changes in DME activity will require additional studies in which relationships between DME and important hormonal axes are evaluated during the course of pubertal development.

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Section: Changes In Hepatic Drug Clearance During Adolescencementioning

confidence: 99%

Hormonal Regulation of Hepatic Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme Activity During Adolescence

Kennedy

2008

Clin Pharmacol Ther

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“…The 2-hour CO% values and the clear ance of caffeine [1], theophylline [2][3][4][5][6][7], phenobarbitol, diphenylhydantoin [8], antipyrine [9], diazoxide [10] and digoxin [11] are higher in children than in the adult. Most of these drugs have at least one commonality in that they are at least partially metabolized by the cytochrome P-450 sys tem.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The clearance of caffeine [1], theophylline [2][3][4][5][6][7], phenobarbitol, diphenylhydantoin [8], phenylbutazone, antipyrine [9], diazoxide [10], and digoxin [11] have been reported to be greater in the older child and ado lescent than in the adult. Furthermore, clearance of theophylline has been reported by some investigators to be faster in male children and adoles cents than in females of the same age groups [3,5], Jusko et al [5] have hypothesized that age-and gender-related changes in drug clearance seen in children are at least partially due to differences in cytochrome-P-4 50-dependent mixed function monooxygenase (P-450) activity, since most of the drugs mentioned above are at least partially metabolized by P-450 [5,9,10,12,13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Age, Gender, and Sexual Maturation on the Caffeine Breath Test

et al. 1986

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This study demonstrated the feasibility of utilizing the (3-13C-methyl) caffeine breath test (CBT) in children and adolescents, and examined the effect of gender, age, and puberty on the CBT. The CBT, expressed as the 2-hour accumulative exhalation of labeled CO(2) (2-hour CO(2)), was compared to the CBT results in the adult. The 2-hour CO(2) values were higher in the children than the adult, and the decrease in the CO(2) values occurred in males during late puberty and in females during early puberty.

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“…It is important to know whether thyroid disorders in children are associated with abnormalities in the rate of drug metabolism, to ensure proper drug administration to the pediatric age group. There is some evidence for differences in the rate of drug metabolism between children and adults: drugs metabolized by the liver appear to be cleared from the plasma at a faster rate by children than by adults (11)(12)(13). More data is needed on the effect of drugs and disease states in the hepatic drug metabolizing capacity in childhood.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

Changes in Drug Metabolism in Children with Thyroid Disorders

Saenger

Rifkind

New

1976

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

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The rate of disappearance of antipyrine from the plasma is a useful indicator for the in vivo capacity of mixed function oxidation. The half-life of antipyrine was measured before and after treatment in three hypothyroid and three hyperthyroid children, aged three months to 14 years, in order to examine the effect on drug metabolism of thyroid disorders in children. The half-life of antipyrine decreased in all three hypothyroid subjects and increased in all three hyperthyroid subjects after treatment. The mean half-life decreased from 34.5 h to 8.6 h after treatment of the hypothyroid subjects and increased from 6.1 to 10.1 h after treatment of the hyperthyroid subjects. The mean metabolic clearance rate of antipyrine increased from 11.7 to 25 ml/h in the hyothyroid patients while in the hyperthyroid children there was a decrease from 43 to 25 ml/h. The apparent volume of distribution did not change significantly in the treatment, thus changes in the half-life of antipyrine were most likely attributable to alterations in the metabolic clearance rate of antipyrine.

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Disappearance of phenobarbital and diphenylhydantoin from serum of children

Cited by 75 publications

References 2 publications

Hormonal Regulation of Hepatic Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme Activity During Adolescence

Hormonal Regulation of Hepatic Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme Activity During Adolescence

The Effect of Age, Gender, and Sexual Maturation on the Caffeine Breath Test

Changes in Drug Metabolism in Children with Thyroid Disorders

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