Disappearance of giant negative T waves in patients with the Japanese form of apical hypertrophy

Koga, Yoshinori; Katoh, Atsushi; Matsuyama, Komei; Ikeda, Hisao; Hiyamuta, Kohji; Toshima, Hironori; Imaizumi, Tsutomu

doi:10.1016/0735-1097(95)00377-0

Cited by 49 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…There has been some controversy, and confusion, regarding the apical phenotype of HCM, in which hypertrophy of the myocardium predominantly involves the apex of the LV, because of the different diagnostic modalities used by investigators and the various morphologic presentations of apical hypertrophy. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Even in the apical phenotype, there are several morphologic variations and terms, including the Japanese form, Western form, apical ASH, pure apical HCM, and mixed apical HCM. 6,8,[10][11][12][13] Although those variations may have different clinical characteristics, in daily clinical practice they are still confused as "just apical hypertrophy".…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Profiles of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy With Apical Phenotype Comparison of Pure-Apical Form and Distal-Dominant Form

Kubo

Kitaoka

Okawa

et al. 2009

Circ J

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Profiles of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy With Apical Phenotype Comparison of Pure-Apical Form and Distal-Dominant Form

Kubo

Kitaoka

Okawa

et al. 2009

Circ J

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“…There was no association between GNT and the degree of apical wall thickness, type of AHCM, or morbidity. GNT patterns can disappear, 17 and other diseases can also present GNT in ECG, such as raised intracranial pressure, severe myocardial ischemia, and post-tachycardia syndrome, 18 therefore GNT is not the specificity feature of AHCM. Although the mechanism of GNT in AHCM patients remains uncertain, several possibilities have been suggested, including reversal of the sequence of repolarization secondary to severe hypertrophy, myocardial ischemia, and greater metabolic demands due to a more hyperdynamic left ventricle.…”

Section: Clinical Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Hundred Eight Patients With Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in China: Clinical Feature, Prognosis, and Comparison of Pure and Mixed Forms

Wang

et al. 2011

Clinical Cardiology

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Background: Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (AHCM) is a relatively rare form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), originally described in Japan and later in the West. Limited information is available on this disease in China. Hypothesis: This study was designed to describe clinical features and prognoses of patients with AHCM in China. Methods: A retrospective study of 208 consecutive patients with AHCM examined at FuWai Hospital was performed. Clinical features, mortality, and cardiovascular morbidity were analyzed. Results: The 208 patients with AHCM represented 16.0% of all HCM patients. Among them, 64.4% were pure form and 35.6% were mixed form. Compared with the pure group, the mixed group had a significantly larger left atrial diameter and thicker apical thickness. One hundred ninety-nine patients had a mean follow-up of 8.0 ± 3.5 years, cardiovascular mortality was 1.0%, and annual cardiovascular mortality was 0.1%. The 2 cardiovascular deaths were both mixed form. The probability of survival was 97.0 ± 2% at 10 years. Of the patients, 17.8% had 1 or more cardiovascular events. The probability of survival without morbid events at 10 years was 77 ± 4%. Three independent predictors of cardiovascular morbidity were identified: age at diagnosis ≥60 years, left atrial diameter ≥36 mm, and New York Heart Association class ≥III at baseline. Conclusions:The prevalence of AHCM is relatively high, and it has a benign prognosis in China. However, 17.8% of patients may develop cardiovascular events. It is important to distinguish the 2 phenotypes of AHCM; the mixed form is less common but more serious than the pure form.

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“…25 More recently, giant negative T waves have been shown to resolve during long-term follow-up. 26 Typically, apical HCM has been observed in older males, often in association with systemic hypertension, without apparent genetic transmission. 27 In the present study, 4 of the 6 patients with apical hypertrophy were female, and a history of mild hypertension was present in only 2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Hepatitis C Virus Infection

et al. 1999

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epatitis C virus (HCV) has been associated with cryoglobulinemia, Sjögren's syndrome, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, sporadic porphyria cutanea tarda, leukocytoclastic vasculitis, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. 1 We found an association of HCV infection with dilated cardiomyopathy, 2,3 and a more recent report supports our findings. 4 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by inappropriate myocardial hypertrophy and a variety of clinical manifestations, including sudden death, which can strike both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. Pathologic findings consist of increased myocardial mass and myofiber disarray. Familial HCM has been found to be caused by mutations in the genes for -cardiac myosin heavy chain, 5 -tropomyosin, and cardiac troponin T. 6 However, in over 50% of familial cases, and in most cases of non-familial HCM, the cause remains unknown. The etiology of HCM may be heterogeneous; for instance, a recent study reported that Fabry's disease was also associated with left ventricular hypertrophy. 7 Myocarditis has been reported to lead to asymmetrical septal hypertrophy, which is one of the characteristic clinical features of HCM. [8][9][10] We have shown, in a preliminary study, that the anti-HCVantibody was more prevalent in patients with HCM than in those with ischemic heart disease 11 or dilated cardiomyopathy. 12 The present study shows an association of HCV infec- Methods Patient PopulationThe study protocol was approved by the Human Research Committee of the Kyoto University Hospital. The patient population consisted of 65 consecutive patients admitted to the Kyoto University Hospital with the diagnosis of HCM. The age of these 39 men and 26 women ranged from 16 to 80 years (mean =57.9±9.8 years, mean ± SD). All patients underwent detailed clinical, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic evaluations as well as right and left heart catheterization, and selective coronary artery cineangiography by the Judkins technique. EvaluationsThe maximal echocardiographic thickness of the left ventricular wall was measured in diastole in the region of greatest hypertrophy, and the diagnosis of HCM was based on a maximal left-ventricular wall thickness of at least 13 mm in the absence of other cause of ventricular hypertrophy. 5,6 Careful detailed family histories were taken for each patient to determine whether or not a familial form HCM was present.Endomyocardial biopsy of the right ventricle was performed with a Stanford or Cordis bioptome by the internal jugular approach, and left ventricular biopsy was done by the long-sheath method. Five samples were usually obtained from each patient, 3 of which were fixed in 10% formalin, embedded in paraffin, and cut into 6-m sections; the other 2 samples were immediately frozen in liquid Jpn Circ J 1999; 63: 433 -438 (Received January 5, 1999; accepted February 18, 1999 The familial form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is attributed to mutations in the genes for contractile proteins, but the etiology of non-familial for...

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Disappearance of giant negative T waves in patients with the Japanese form of apical hypertrophy

Cited by 49 publications

References 21 publications

Clinical Profiles of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy With Apical Phenotype Comparison of Pure-Apical Form and Distal-Dominant Form

Clinical Profiles of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy With Apical Phenotype Comparison of Pure-Apical Form and Distal-Dominant Form

Two Hundred Eight Patients With Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in China: Clinical Feature, Prognosis, and Comparison of Pure and Mixed Forms

Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Hepatitis C Virus Infection

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