Disagreements, face and politeness

Sifianou, Maria

doi:10.1016/j.pragma.2012.03.009

Cited by 186 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Nelson et al (1996) only had one example of thanks in their corpus of Syrian Arabic compliment responses. this last idea of closeness is Sifianou's (2012) observation about the role of disagreements as the preferred response when there is communicative immediacy, as in the data, because they can "be a sign of intimacy and sociability and may not destroy but rather strengthen interlocutors' relationships" (Sifianou 2012(Sifianou : 1554.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Face-enhancing compliments in informal conversations in Valencian Spanish

García

2018

Borealis

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ABSTRACT. This article presents the results of an analysis conducted on politeness in informal conversations in Peninsular Spanish, specifically on the use of compliments in casual Valencian Spanish with face-enhancing effects. Face-enhancing compliments typically have the primary function of constituting and reinforcing the face of the addressee. The compliments that were analyzed consisted of positive comments about the complimentees' belongings, people related to them, their actions, and their qualities. Most of these face-enhancing compliments were exchanged in situations defined by a high degree of communicative immediacy (Koch & Oesterreicher 1985) and conventionality. The settings where these compliments were produced, plus their discursive, structural and formal features, illustrate their formulaic nature. Among the most important of these features is the fact that there is a predominance of faceenhancing compliments formulated as declarative, copulative and exclamatory sentences. Most of these compliments contain a short repertoire of adjectives with a positive meaning, and are modified by intensifiers that help to reinforce and guarantee the faceenhancing effect of the speech act. They usually consist of isolated utterances occupying a second turn position in adjacency pairs. Lastly, their addressees rarely acknowledged these compliments explicitly.Keywords. Politeness; face-enhancing; compliments; Valencian Spanish; informal conversations RESUMEN. Este artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio sobre la cortesía en la conversación informal española; concretamente, sobre el uso de cumplidos valorizadores en el español valenciano coloquial. La función principal de un cumplido valorizador es constituir y reforzar la imagen de su destinatario. Los cumplidos aquí analizados consistieron en comentarios positivos sobre las posesiones del cumplimentado, sobre personas relacionadas con él, sus acciones y/o sus cualidades. La mayor parte de estos cumplidos fueron intercambiados en situaciones caracterizadas por un alto grado de inmediatez comunicativa (Koch y Oesterreicher 1985) y de ritualidad. Los escenarios en los que se emitieron dichos cumplidos, así como sus rasgos discursivos, estructurales y formales, ilustran la naturaleza formularia de los mismos. Entre estos rasgos destaca el hecho de que hay un predominio de cumplidos valorizadores formulados como oraciones declarativas, copulativas y exclamativas. La mayoría de estos cumplidos contiene un breve repertorio de adjetivos con significado positivo y están modificados por intensificadores que ayudan a reforzar y garantizar el efecto cortés valorizador del acto de habla. Estos cumplidos suelen consistir en enunciados aislados y ocupar el segundo turno de un par adyacente. Finalmente, los destinatarios de estos cumplidos rara vez los aceptan directamente.Palabras clave. Cortesía; valorización de la imagen; cumplidos; español de Valencia; conversaciones informales

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Face-enhancing compliments in informal conversations in Valencian Spanish

García

2018

Borealis

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“…Na composição de nosso quadro teórico, situamos, especialmente, Goffman (1972Goffman ( [1967), Lakoff (1973), Fraser (1980, 1990, Leech (1983Leech ( , 2014, Pomerantz (2006Pomerantz ( [1984), Brown & Levinson (1987), Culpeper (1996Culpeper ( , 2005Culpeper ( , 2008Culpeper ( , 2010, Holmes & Marra (2004), Locher & Graham (2010), Culpeper et al (2003), Sifianou (2012), Briz et al (2013), Haugh (2013), Locher (2013Locher ( , 2015 e Albuquerque (2015).…”

Section: O Desacordo Como Estratégia De (Im)polidezmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tal decisão se deu em virtude do potencial conflitivo de nosso contexto de pesquisa, bem como da consequente possibilidade de deparamos com a modalização de estratégias linguístico-discursivas frente à necessidade de desacordo. Este pode constituir ato de impolidez positiva, por infringir o desejo do outro em ser aprovado (CULPEPER, 2005;SIFIANOU, 2012).…”

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A negociação do desacordo mitigado como estratégia de (im)polidez por ministros do Tribunal Superior do Trabalho

Albuquerque

Pinto

2017

MOARA

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RESUMO:Neste artigo, analisamos o desacordo mitigado como estratégia de (im)polidez em negociação entre ministros do Tribunal Superior do Trabalho durante as sessões de julgamento, por se tratar de um contexto, potencialmente, conflitivo. Para tanto, o trabalho se enquadra, teoricamente, nas áreas da sociolinguística interacional e da pragmática, e, metodologicamente, na análise da conversação, por concebermos que as estratégias sociopragmáticas se estabelecem na conversa. Em suma, constatamos que a interação entre os ministros do TST revelou grande preocupação por preservar a imagem social dos seus pares, especialmente em situações de divergência, coadunando com a seleção de desacordo mitigado como estratégia. Palavras-chave: (Im)polidez. Desacordo mitigado. Sessões de julgamento. Contexto jurídico. ABSTRACT:In this article, we analyze the mitigated disagreement as (im)politeness strategy in negotiation between ministers at the Tribunal Superior do Trabalho during the judging sessions, because it is a context, potentially, conflicting. Therefore, the work is framing, theoretically, in the interactional sociolinguistics and pragmatics areas, and, methodologically, in the conversation analysis, because we conceive that sociopragmatics strategies are established in the conversation. In summary, we found that the interaction between ministers of the TST revealed great concern for preservation of the social image of their peers, especially in situations of divergence, in line with the selection of mitigated disagreement as a strategy. Keywords: (Im)politeness. Mitigated disagreement. Judging sessions. Legal context. Considerações iniciaisLocutor e interlocutor, na perspectiva sociointeracional, partilham entre si muito mais do que um uso estritamente linguístico. Esses sujeitos, antes de tudo, negociam e co-constroem sentidos, bem como promovem influência recíproca, haja vista que língua, nesse viés, constitui ação sociodiscursiva, em alusão ao famoso título austiniano:as palavras (não apenas dizem, mas) fazem coisas (AUSTIN, 1975(AUSTIN, [1962). Sob essa

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“…2 However, research has demonstrated that disagreement is not necessarily the dispreferred option (e.g., Hayashi 1996;Kakavá 1993Kakavá , 2002Tannen 2002) but can be used even to foster intimacy and sociability (Schiffrin 1984;Tannen and Kakavá 1992). In sum, the speech act of disagreement is much more complicated than it may seem at first sight and cannot be considered as a unified phenomenon but very much dependent on context (Sifianou 2012(Sifianou : 1555Locher 2012: 1549).…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expressing disagreement in English as a lingua franca: Whose pragmatic rules?

Arévalo¹

2014

Intercultural Pragmatics

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Multicultural classrooms provide the intercultural pragmatist with a breeding ground to get firsthand information on intercultural communication. In such a context, if English is used as a lingua franca, these classrooms also become an ideal setting to observe the pragmatics of this relatively unknown variety. The present article aims to analyze qualitatively a sample of data produced by a multicultural group of masters students in which English is used as the lingua franca. More specifically, I intend to answer the following research question: In a multicultural class where English is the medium of instruction and students' peer to peer communication, whose pragmatic "rules" are followed? In other words, do these speakers stick to their own cultural pragmatic rules or follow nativelike ones? More specifically, I focus on the speech act of disagreement given its face-threatening nature and its disruptive potential if carried out in what interlocutors might perceive as the "wrong" way. Disagreement was also chosen given the relative paucity of studies on this speech act -as opposed, for example, others like requests or compliments. For this purpose, the 10 students -from very different cultural backgrounds -were asked to carry out a group assignment. Their negotiation and discussion process, however, was computer-mediated via the use of forums rather than face-to-face. This allowed the researcher to collect naturally occurring, spontaneous data in a relatively easy way (without the need for transcription). It also gave the students the opportunity to interact in a more democratic way. In fact, by being an asynchronous discussion online, they did not have to fight for the conversational turn, but all of them had the chance to contribute to the discussion at their own pace. The sample so collected consists of 15,598 words. The limitation of the sample calls for a qualitative rather than a quantitative approach but is valuable insofar as it represents naturally occurring data. Disagreement expressions were classified according to two main categories: strong and mitigated disagreement (following Kreutel 2007;Pomerantz 1984 andRees-Miller 2000). Inspection of the data reveals that students on the whole show a tendency to avoid strong disagreement whilst favoring mitigated disagreement of different sorts (e.g., use of hedges, asking for clarification, giving explanations, etc.). Moreover, students with high linguistic proficiency displayed a wider range of strategies, following a more nativelike pattern -specifically; they seemed to follow the pragmatic rules of British English. On the other hand, students whose linguistic proficiency was lower also showed a tendency to avoid strong

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Disagreements, face and politeness

Cited by 186 publications

References 48 publications

Face-enhancing compliments in informal conversations in Valencian Spanish

Face-enhancing compliments in informal conversations in Valencian Spanish

A negociação do desacordo mitigado como estratégia de (im)polidez por ministros do Tribunal Superior do Trabalho

Expressing disagreement in English as a lingua franca: Whose pragmatic rules?

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