Disaggregation and discretization methods for formation damage estimation in oil and gas fields: an overview

Abstract

Formation damage could potentially impede production and injection operations. Hence, characterization and discretization processes of formation damage should be connected to quantification and disaggregation techniques, relying on characterization fundamentals that consider chemical and physical changes in the fluid and rock system through the field productive life. This document presents a review of different disaggregation, quantification and discretization methods for the formation damage estimation in oil and gas fields. This review is mainly divided into three main sections, namely: i) Formation damage diagnosis, ii) Formation damage quantification, and iii) Formationdamage disaggregation. This document will aid in the alignment of the academic and industrial sectors to incentivize the prevention and inhibition of formation damage, as well as the optimal design of remediation mechanisms.

Easy and Rapid Synthesis of Carbon Quantum Dots from Mortiño (Vaccinium Meridionale Swartz) Extract for Use as Green Tracers in the Oil and Gas Industry: Lab-to-Field Trial Development in Colombia

“…After being manually shaken for 5 min and standing at reservoir temperature (57 °C) for 2 h, the system was inspected visually to determine if it contains emulsions or agglomerations in the aqueous or oil phases. This result guarantee that no additional phases are formed and discards any source of formation damage due to fluid–fluid incompatibility . In Figure , it can be seen that the presence of 100 mg L –1 of CQDs do not affect the interaction between water and the heavy crude oil.…”

“…This result guarantee that no additional phases are formed and discards any source of formation damage due to fluid−fluid incompatibility. 28 In Figure 8, it can be seen that the presence of 100 mg L −1 of CQDs do not affect the interaction between One of the important parameters in an injecting or stimulating fluid for oil recovery is its rheological performance, including viscosity and interfacial tension. Figure 9 shows the viscosity for different concentrations of CQDs in distilled water and injection brine, as well as the interfacial tension W/ O for different concentrations of CQDs and in different matrices.…”

Development of a Green and Sustainable Nanofluid Based on Carbon Dots with Sensing Capability for Enhanced Oil Recovery

“…The compatibility of the b-CDs in the water–oil immiscible two-phase system was evaluated by the addition of CDs with concentrations of 50 and 500 ppm to the heavy crude oil–water mixture in different volume ratios (25:75, 50:50, 75:25) under vigorous shaking . The images recorded in Figure a,b under visible light and UV irradiation after the system reaches the equilibrium show that the presence of b-CDs in the mixture does not form a third phase, and the immiscible water–oil two-phase equilibrium remained stable.…”