Disaccharide Analysis and Molecular Mass Determination to Microgram Level of Single Sulfated Glycosaminoglycan Species in Mixtures Following Agarose-Gel Electrophoresis

Volpi, Nicola

doi:10.1006/abio.1999.4218

Cited by 38 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Human studies with unlabelled CS confirm this and appear to show 10%-13% bioavailability [18]. Administration of the same LMWCS used in the present study to humans showed absorption of intact molecules detected with an agarose-gel electrophoretic method [22]. Presently, it is unknown if intact, fragmented or disaccharides are the efficacious component(s) of exogenously administered CS [23].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 81%

The bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of glucosamine hydrochloride and chondroitin sulfate after oral and intravenous single dose administration in the horse

White

Eddington

2004

Biopharm & Drug Disp

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 81%

The bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of glucosamine hydrochloride and chondroitin sulfate after oral and intravenous single dose administration in the horse

White

Eddington

2004

Biopharm & Drug Disp

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“…21 The negative charge density of GAGs is determined by their sulfation grade. 22 In rats, high dietary sodium intake has been shown to coincide with increased interstitial GAG content as well as increased polymerization and sulfation of these GAGs, with skin sodium concentrations (180-190 mmol/L) increasing to values far exceeding plasma sodium concentrations under these conditions. 14,17 Because these high extracellular sodium concentrations were not accompanied by extracellular water retention, it was proven that a substantial part of the measured sodium has to be stored osmotically inactive.…”

Section: Nonosmotic Sodium Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the Vascular Wall in Sodium Homeostasis and Salt Sensitivity

Engberink

Rorije

Heide

et al. 2015

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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Excessive sodium intake is associated with both hypertension and an increased risk of cardiovascular events, presumably because of an increase in extracellular volume. The extent to which sodium intake affects extracellular volume and BP varies considerably among individuals, discriminating subjects who are salt-sensitive from those who are salt-resistant. Recent experiments have shown that, other than regulation by the kidney, sodium homeostasis is also regulated by negatively charged glycosaminoglycans in the skin interstitium, where sodium is bound to glycosaminoglycans without commensurate effects on extracellular volume. The endothelial surface layer is a dynamic layer on the luminal side of the endothelium that is in continuous exchange with flowing blood. Because negatively charged glycosaminoglycans are abundantly present in this layer, it may act as an intravascular buffer compartment that allows sodium to be transiently stored. This review focuses on the putative role of the endothelial surface layer as a contributor to salt sensitivity, the consequences of a perturbed endothelial surface layer on sodium homeostasis, and the endothelial surface layer as a possible target for the treatment of hypertension and an expanded extracellular volume. J Am Soc Nephrol 26: 777-783, 2015. doi: 10.1681 In Western society, average daily intake of salt is 8-12 g, thereby greatly exceeding the recommended amount by the World Health Organization of 5 g daily. 1,2 This recommendation is on the basis of the observation that dietary salt intake exceeding 5 g/d, which is equivalent to 2 g or 85 mmol sodium, is associated with hypertension and increased cardiovascular risk in many cohort studies. 3,4 Other than negative effects on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, high salt intake has also been related to intermediate end points for kidney damage, such as proteinuria, in both patients with CKD and the general population. 5,6 Dietary salt restriction is, therefore, regarded as an important target for improvement of global health. 4 For example, in the United States, it has been estimated that a reduction of dietary salt intake by 3 g/d would reduce annual health costs by $10-$24 billion. 7 Generally, detrimental effects of excessive sodium intake have been linked to expansion of extracellular volume (ECV) and hypertension, which is evidenced by various observations that low sodium reduces BP in both normotensive individuals and individuals with hypertension. 4,8 The increase in BP after dietary sodium excess is highly variable, with some individuals showing a relatively small increase, whereas large BP increases can be observed in others. 9,10 It is likely that these individual variations in salt sensitivity differentially affect cardiovascular and renal risk and may also explain the inconsistent results from population studies investigating the relation between sodium intake and cardiovascular risk. 11 According to Guyton's pressurenatriuresis curve, the kidney regulates long-term BP by altering renal sodium e...

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“…The human urinary GAGs were identified with use of polysaccharide calibrators and quantified by agarose gel electrophoresis and densitometric scanning using specific calibration curves as reported elsewhere (33,34 ) qualitative and quantitative evaluation of unsaturated disaccharides from GAGs The disaccharide products formed by the action of the chondroitin ABC lyase or chondroitin AC lyase on urinary CS were identified by strong-anion-exchange HPLC, as reported elsewhere (35)(36)(37). We incubated 10 L of urinary extract with 25 mU of chondroitinase ABC in 50 mmol/L Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0) or 25 mU of chondroitinase AC in 50 mmol/L Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.3).…”

Section: Agarose Gel Electrophoresismentioning

confidence: 99%

Anomalous Structure of Urinary Glycosaminoglycans in Patients with Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum

Maccari¹,

Gheduzzi

Volpi³

2003

Clinical Chemistry

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Background: Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a hereditary connective tissue disease in which proteoglycans have altered properties. We investigated whether altered proteoglycan metabolism occurs in vivo and may be reflected in the urine of PXE individuals by analyzing the excreted polysaccharides. Methods: We measured sulfated glycosaminoglycans in the urine of 10 PXE-affected patients, 12 healthy carriers, and 20 healthy controls by agarose gel electrophoresis. Chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate disaccharides were also quantified by treatment with specific lyases and separation of products by chromatography. Results: Total polysaccharides were 34% lower in the urine of PXE-affected patients and 17% lower in healthy carriers than in the control group. Chondroitin sulfate was significantly (P <0.01) decreased, and heparan sulfate was significantly increased. The ratio of chondroitin sulfate to heparan sulfate was 2.7 for PXEaffected patients, 2.3 for healthy carriers, and 10.7 for controls. In PXE-affected individuals and carriers, chondroitin sulfate contained more 4-sulfated disaccharide, less 6-sulfated disaccharide, and decreased nonsulfated disaccharide. Heparan sulfate from PXE-affected individuals and healthy carriers produced significantly less N-sulfated disaccharide and more disaccharide sulfated at the C-6 position with no significant abnormality of the nonsulfated disaccharide percentage and sulfates: disaccharide ratio. Conclusions: The urinary data support the concept that the inherited defect of the ABCC6/MRP6 transporter in PXE alters metabolism of key polysaccharides. Structural analysis of urinary sulfated polyanions may be useful in the diagnosis of PXE.

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Disaccharide Analysis and Molecular Mass Determination to Microgram Level of Single Sulfated Glycosaminoglycan Species in Mixtures Following Agarose-Gel Electrophoresis

Cited by 38 publications

References 41 publications

The bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of glucosamine hydrochloride and chondroitin sulfate after oral and intravenous single dose administration in the horse

The bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of glucosamine hydrochloride and chondroitin sulfate after oral and intravenous single dose administration in the horse

Role of the Vascular Wall in Sodium Homeostasis and Salt Sensitivity

Anomalous Structure of Urinary Glycosaminoglycans in Patients with Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum

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