Disability/Difference

Conceptual Models of Disability: The Development of the Consideration of Non-Biomedical Aspects

“…Some authors have criticized the ICF and compared it to the ICIDH for its focus on the health context and for conceptualizing impairments as objective deviations [73,85,86]. Two of the DCP authors, Fougeyrollas and Grenier [24], criticize the ICF for remaining too tied to the biomedical model, and they argue that the absence of the mutual exclusivity of activities/person and participation/society goes against the sharp distinction of the social model and might lead to blaming people with disabilities for their disadvantages.…”

Disablity

“…Goffman's approach to stigma in particular continues to be highly influential, but simplified accounts of stigma that focus on individual bodily differences alone to the detriment of wider contextualising factors such as politics, gender, or age have been widely criticised in favour of more nuanced ones (e.g. Shuttleworth 2004;Murphy 1987;1995;Staples 2011b). Michele Friedner (2015), for example, draws on her fieldwork with deaf multilevel marketing employees in India to argue for a rethinking of stigma.…”

Contesting Urban Space and Disability in HighlandEcuador

“…Although bodily differences have been recognized as fundamental in all human societies, “disability” as a social category is situated historically within a Western context of public welfare and biomedicine (Ingstad and Whyte ; Ingstad and Whyte ; Scheer and Groce ). Rather than analyzing the individual or medical aspects of having a disability, anthropological approaches to disability focus on “local meanings of anomalous physical/behavioral differences” (Shuttleworth ). The dominant trend in disability studies has sought to shift analysis away from individualized notions of impairment toward a focus on disabling political, environmental, and structural factors (Oliver ; Shakespeare ), but rarely considers sites outside of North America and Europe (Imrie and Edwards ; Ingstad and Whyte ; Shakespeare ; Whyte and Ingstad ).…”

“…As Titchkosky () suggests, struggles encountered by disabled people for “access” to places like public facilities, restrooms, and transportation systems are interpretive domains in need of analysis. The term bodily difference refers to a broad category that includes the multiple meanings attached to corporeal and behavioral differences in particular sites (Shuttleworth ). On a practical level, I focus on individuals who self‐identify as people with disabilities ( personas con discapacida d) or disabled people ( discapacitado/as) as well as on individuals who identify themselves with related terms common in highland Ecuador.…”