Directly suspended droplet microextraction combined with energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry to determine nano levels of phosphate in surface water

Application of solidification of floating organic drop microextraction for inorganic anions: Determination of phosphate in water samples

“…Despite the great progress made in the development of modern microextraction techniques, only a few related studies focused on phosphate determination were found in the literature, namely cloud point extraction of phosphomolybdenum blue using the nonionic surfactant Triton X-114 [22], extraction of the ion pair formed between 12-molybdophosphate and malachite green into a methyl isobutyl ketone followed by microvolume spectrophotometry [23], directly suspended droplet microextraction combined with energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry [24], and dispersive micro-solid phase extraction of ortho-phosphate ions onto magnetite nanoparticles followed by determination as its molybdenum blue complex [25] (Table 3). When compared with existing solvent microextraction techniques (Table 3), the suggested method has a comparable linear range and a comparable or better detection limit, does not require sophisticated, expensive or special equipment neither complicated procedure, enables the use of a larger volume of sample, and uses a solvent less soluble in water.…”

Vortex‐assisted natural deep eutectic solvent microextraction using response surface methodology optimization for determination of orthophosphate in water samples by molybdenum blue method

“…The preconcentration factor, calculated as the ratio between the sample volume and the settled down NADES volume, was obtained as 71. A comparison of the analytical performances achieved by the proposed method and other methods for determination of orthophosphate is presented in Supporting Information . Compared with previous reports, the proposed method has many advantages, such as simplicity, short analysis time as well as the use of NADES as an eco‐friendly solvent with high solubilization power for both polar and nonpolar compounds and low cost.…”

Atomic spectrometry update. Environmental analysis

“…The EDXRF determination of phosphate in surface waters involved 118 suspended drop microextraction and measurement of the phosphomolybdenum blue complex using the Mo K-a line. An enrichment factor of 56.8 gave an LOD of 2.8 ng mL À1 for a 1.5 mL sample.…”