Directional tuning interactions between moving oriented and textured stimuli in complex cells of feline striate cortex.

Hammond, Peter; Smith, Andrew T.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1983.sp014838

Cited by 34 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…They proposed an explanation that at spatial frequencies higher than optimum a grating oriented off-axis has a projection on the original preferred-null axis at a lower equivalent spatial frequency, closer to the optimum, and thus evokes a stronger response than the same grating oriented on-axis. A similar splitting of direction tuning curves for textures at high speeds has been observed by Hammond and Smith (1983) in their study on cat complex cells, again only in a proportion of cells, but an analogous explanation, although considered, was rejected in that study. Grzywacz and Amthor (2007) have also found the bandwidths of speed tuning of On-Off DS RGCs for a grating and for a spot to be slightly different, the latter being somewhat broader.…”

Section: Other Stimulus Dimensions and Typesmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…However, some other evidence suggests that it may not be so straightforward. Hammond and Smith (1983), for example, have shown in complex cells of cat striate cortex that direction tuning curves may be subject to change depending on the exact stimulus configuration. They have shown that the preferred direction for a bar and for a texture in the same cell may be different, the direction tuning curves for these two stimuli may have different bandwidths, and the shape of the direction tuning curve for texture alone is affected by speed.…”

Section: Other Stimulus Dimensions and Typesmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Separability of stimulus parameter encoding by on-off directionally selective rabbit retinal ganglion cells

Nowak

Dobbins²,

Gawne³

et al. 2011

Journal of Neurophysiology

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The ganglion cell output of the retina constitutes a bottleneck in sensory processing in that ganglion cells must encode multiple stimulus parameters in their responses. Here we investigate encoding strategies of On-Off directionally selective retinal ganglion cells (On-Off DS RGCs) in rabbits, a class of cells dedicated to representing motion. The exquisite axial discrimination of these cells to preferred vs. null direction motion is well documented: it is invariant with respect to speed, contrast, spatial configuration, spatial frequency, and motion extent. However, these cells have broad direction tuning curves and their responses also vary as a function of other parameters such as speed and contrast. In this study, we examined whether the variation in responses across multiple stimulus parameters is systematic, that is the same for all cells, and separable, such that the response to a stimulus is a product of the effects of each stimulus parameter alone. We extracellularly recorded single On-Off DS RGCs in a superfused eyecup preparation while stimulating them with moving bars. We found that spike count responses of these cells scaled as independent functions of direction, speed, and luminance. Moreover, the speed and luminance functions were common across the whole sample of cells. Based on these findings, we developed a model that accurately predicted responses of On-Off DS RGCs as products of separable functions of direction, speed, and luminance (r = 0.98; P < 0.0001). Such a multiplicatively separable encoding strategy may simplify the decoding of these cells' outputs by the higher visual centers.

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Section: Other Stimulus Dimensions and Typesmentioning

confidence: 51%

Section: Other Stimulus Dimensions and Typesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Separability of stimulus parameter encoding by on-off directionally selective rabbit retinal ganglion cells

Nowak

Dobbins²,

Gawne³

et al. 2011

Journal of Neurophysiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Bimodal responses were normally generated by higher velocities of the rotating noise field, while unimodal responses were obtained with lower velocities (Hammond and Smith, 1983). In many cases, the response types (bi-or unimodal) could be changed with the stimulus velocity.…”

Section: Comparison Of the S Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flashing bars or moving noise field stimuli contain only the orientational or the directional component respectively, and have therefore been used for a comparison of the tuning strengths with those obtained by a moving bar (Henry et al, 1973(Henry et al, , 1974bHammond, 1978;Hammond and Reck, 1980;Duysens and Orban, 1981;Emerson and Coleman, 1981;Hammond and Smith, 1983). In previous studies the quantification of the tuning parameters has normally been performed by heuristic measures, such as the direction index or the half-widthat-half-height orientation tuning parameter (Orban, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification and Comparison of Cell Properties in Cat's Striate Cortex Determined by Different Types of Stimuli

Wörgötter

Gründel

Eysel

1990

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Direction and orientation tuning elicited by moving bars, flashing bars and a moving noise field were compared in cells in area 17 of the cat. Fourier analysis of tuning curves (SDO-analysis) was applied to quantify the general sensitivity (S) to visual stimulation, tuning strength to direction(D) and orientation (O), as well as the preferred direction (PD) and orientation (PO). Results from SDO-analysis were compared with the commonly used direction index and half-width-at-half-height orientational tuning parameter and it is demonstrated that the commonly used parameters can be replaced and are superseded by the results from SDO-analysis. The comparison of the responses elicited by the different types of stimuli showed that a linear correlation between D (or O) components was mainly found in simple cells, while in most cases no correlation was obtained for complex cells. Since several of the simple cells also showed no linear relationship, a direct mutual prediction of the S, D and O components can only be achieved for approximately 50% of the cortical cells applying commonly used stimulus types. The general responsiveness (S) shows that flashing bar stimuli are at least as effective as moving bars, whereas moving noise stimulates cortical cells more weakly. A moving bar tends to increase the orientation tuning (O) in most cells and with a moving noise stimulus predominantly the directional tuning (D) of complex cells is strongly enhanced. In conclusion, Fourier analysis of tuning curves (SDO-analysis) provides a valuable and simple tool for the quantification of direction and orientation specificity. Motion enhances the cortical response specificity which indicates the involvement of facilitation or inhibition exclusively induced by movement.

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“…3 and 4 in Crook 1990;Fig. 5 in Hammond and Smith 1983), although directional tuning curves become broad and bi-lobed around peaks at high-velocity dot or pattern stimuli (Crook 1990;Hammond and Reck 1980;Hammond and Smith 1983;Skottun et al 1988).…”

Section: Predicting Fmri Adaptation Curves By the Two-stage Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchy of direction-tuned motion adaptation in human visual cortex

Lee

2012

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Lee HA, Lee SH. Hierarchy of direction-tuned motion adaptation in human visual cortex. J Neurophysiol 107: 2163-2184, 2012. First published January 4, 2012 doi:10.1152/jn.00923.2010.-Prolonged exposure to a single direction of motion alters perception of subsequent static or dynamic stimuli and induces substantial changes in behaviors of motion-sensitive neurons, but the origin of neural adaptation and neural correlates of perceptual consequences of motion adaptation in human brain remain unclear. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we measured motion adaptation tuning curves in a fine scale by probing changes in cortical activity after adaptation for a range of directions relative to the adapted direction. We found a clear dichotomy in tuning curve shape: cortical responses in early-tier visual areas reduced at around both the adapted and opposite direction, resulting in a bidirectional tuning curve, whereas response reduction in high-tier areas occurred only at around the adapted direction, resulting in a unidirectional tuning curve. We also found that the psychophysically measured adaptation tuning curves were unidirectional and best matched the cortical adaptation tuning curves in the middle temporal area (MT) and the medial superior temporal area (MST). Our findings are compatible with, but not limited to, an interpretation in which direct impacts of motion adaptation occur in both unidirectional and bidirectional units in early visual areas, but the perceptual consequences of motion adaptation are manifested in the population activity in MT and MST, which may inherit those direct impacts of adaptation from the directionally selective units. visual motion; visual cortex; direction selectivity; functional magnetic resonance imaging; V1; middle temporal area PROLONGED EXPOSURE TO A VISUAL pattern drifting in one direction alters perception of subsequently presented stimuli. Adaptation reduces the visibility of objects moving in the adapted direction (Raymond 1993;Tolhurst 1973), makes static or dynamic patterns appear to drift in the opposite direction (Mather et al. 1998), distorts the apparent speed of a moving stimulus (Stocker and Simoncelli 2009;Thompson 1981), or even shifts the perceived direction of motion away from the adapted direction (Levinson and Sekuler 1976).These profound alterations in perception suggest that adaptation has substantial impacts on the neural systems for processing motion stimuli. Indeed, there have been many attempts at uncovering neural consequences of motion adaptation. Although these studies have demonstrated that adaptation substantially modifies neural activities in retina (Barlow and Hill 1963) or visual areas in the cortex (Hammond et al. 1985;Huk et al. 2001;Petersen et al. 1985;Tolias et al. 2001), it has been quite challenging to single out a neural locus or mechanism for motion adaptation. Given the hierarchical and distributed nature of cortical motion processing, which has been supported by a body of anatomical (Felleman and van Essen 1991; Maunsell a...

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Directional tuning interactions between moving oriented and textured stimuli in complex cells of feline striate cortex.

Cited by 34 publications

References 27 publications

Separability of stimulus parameter encoding by on-off directionally selective rabbit retinal ganglion cells

Separability of stimulus parameter encoding by on-off directionally selective rabbit retinal ganglion cells

Quantification and Comparison of Cell Properties in Cat's Striate Cortex Determined by Different Types of Stimuli

Hierarchy of direction-tuned motion adaptation in human visual cortex

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