“…Varying the heat input as a function of the built-up wall height makes it possible to control cooling and therefore the solidification rate. However, no approach for forming the desired grain structures is guaranteed, especially in materials inclined to form large columnar grains such as nickel superalloys [30], titanium [31], copper [32], bronze [33], nickel titanium [34,35], etc. In connection with this, finding out the limiting maximum and minimum values of the heat input for deposition of each material is an important task.…”