Directional solidification and characterization of the Cd–Sn eutectic alloy

The dependence of lamellar spacings and microhardness on the growth rate in the directionally solidified Bi-43 wt.% Sn alloy at a constant temperature gradient

“…The normal of the α and β planes must be parallel to the polished longitudinal plane [23]; however, this situation is not always possible. When the normals of the α and β planes are not parallel to the longitudinal plane, the lamellar spacings λ * observed on the longitudinal plane give larger value than the lamellar spacings λ from the transverse polished plane [49]. As can be seen in Table 2, even some of the λ * m values can be higher than the average λ a values.…”

“…Figure 5(b) shows the variation of ∆T as a function of V in a constant G. ∆T increases with the increasing V. As can be seen in Table 4 and in Fig. 5(b), the dependence of ∆T on V and λ can be given as [30] for Al-Si eutectic alloy, Çadlrll et al [31] for Pb-Cd eutectic alloy, Kaya et al [32,57] for Sn-Zn and Bi-Cd eutectic alloys, and Çadl-rll et al [49] for Sn-Cd eutectic alloy and J-H eutectic theory, respectively. The value (0.0093) is slightly smaller than the value 0.017 obtained by Borland and Elliott [55] for the same alloy system.…”

“…After stabilizing the thermal conditions in the furnace under an argon atmosphere, the sample was grown by pulling it downwards at various growth rates (8.3 µm/s to 164.8 µm/s, G constant) by means of different speeded synchronous motors. After 100 mm to 120 mm steady state growth of the samples, they were quenched by pulling them rapidly into the water reservoir [49]. After metallographic processes including mechanical and electro polishing techniques, the microstructures of the samples were revealed.…”

“…4 as a functions of V at a constant G. K-type thermocouples were used for measurement of temperature gradient and growth rate during solidification. All the thermocouple leads were taken to the data-logger and the computer [49]. The thermocouples were both recorded simultaneously for measurement of the temperature gradients on the solid/liquid interface in the liquid by means of the data-logger.…”

Effect of Solidification Rate on Microstructure and Solid/Liquid Interface Morphology of Ni–11.5 wt% Si Eutectic Alloy

“…Meanwhile, the average lamellar spacingλ a is obtained by measuring on the transverse section of the samples. In general, Whenλ is smaller than λ e , the growth will be unstable, and the lamellar spacing λ for the steady growth at the given solidification rate must obey the condition:λ m < λ a < λ M as proved by adırlı et al [21] . When λ is greater than the λ M , tip splitting occurs as shown in Fig.…”