“…Random permutations of population locations were carried out to test the statistical significance of each Moran's I. For nuclear data, one-dimensional Mantel correlograms were designed according to Oden and Sokal (1986). The normalised Mantel statistic rz (Smouse et al, 1986) was used as described in Oden and Sokal (1986) to estimate the relationships between pairwise genetic distances (D CE distance) and pairwise geographical distances among populations.…”
Section: Spatial Genetic Structure Within Nuclear-plastid Lineagesmentioning
As a result of recent or past evolutionary processes, a single species might consist of distinct Evolutionary Significant Units (ESUs), even corresponding to cryptic species. Determining the underlying mechanisms of range shifts and the processes at work in the build-up of divergent ESUs requires elucidating the factors that contribute to population genetic divergence across a species' range. We investigated the large-scale patterns of genetic structure in the perennial herbaceous plant species Silene nutans (Caryophyllaceae) in Western Europe. We sampled and genotyped 111 populations using 13 nuclear microsatellite loci and 6 plastid single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Broad-scale spatial population genetic structure was examined using Bayesian clustering, spatial multivariate analyses and measures of hierarchical genetic differentiation. The genotypic structure of S. nutans was typical of a predominantly allogamous mating system. We also identified plastid lineages with no intra-population polymorphism, mirroring two genetically differentiated nuclear lineages. No evidence of admixture was found. Spatial trends in genetic diversity further suggested independent leading-edge expansion associated with founding events and subsequent genetic erosion. Overall, our findings suggested speciation processes in S. nutans and highlighted striking patterns of distinct stepwise recolonisation of Western Europe shaped by Quaternary climate oscillations. Two main potential ESUs can be defined in Western Europe, corresponding to Eastern and Western nuclear-plastid lineages. In situ preservation of populations and genetic rescue implying ex situ conservation techniques should take the lineage identity into account. This is particularly true in Great Britain, northern France and Belgium, where S. nutans is rare and where distinct lineages co-occur in close contact.
“…Random permutations of population locations were carried out to test the statistical significance of each Moran's I. For nuclear data, one-dimensional Mantel correlograms were designed according to Oden and Sokal (1986). The normalised Mantel statistic rz (Smouse et al, 1986) was used as described in Oden and Sokal (1986) to estimate the relationships between pairwise genetic distances (D CE distance) and pairwise geographical distances among populations.…”
Section: Spatial Genetic Structure Within Nuclear-plastid Lineagesmentioning
As a result of recent or past evolutionary processes, a single species might consist of distinct Evolutionary Significant Units (ESUs), even corresponding to cryptic species. Determining the underlying mechanisms of range shifts and the processes at work in the build-up of divergent ESUs requires elucidating the factors that contribute to population genetic divergence across a species' range. We investigated the large-scale patterns of genetic structure in the perennial herbaceous plant species Silene nutans (Caryophyllaceae) in Western Europe. We sampled and genotyped 111 populations using 13 nuclear microsatellite loci and 6 plastid single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Broad-scale spatial population genetic structure was examined using Bayesian clustering, spatial multivariate analyses and measures of hierarchical genetic differentiation. The genotypic structure of S. nutans was typical of a predominantly allogamous mating system. We also identified plastid lineages with no intra-population polymorphism, mirroring two genetically differentiated nuclear lineages. No evidence of admixture was found. Spatial trends in genetic diversity further suggested independent leading-edge expansion associated with founding events and subsequent genetic erosion. Overall, our findings suggested speciation processes in S. nutans and highlighted striking patterns of distinct stepwise recolonisation of Western Europe shaped by Quaternary climate oscillations. Two main potential ESUs can be defined in Western Europe, corresponding to Eastern and Western nuclear-plastid lineages. In situ preservation of populations and genetic rescue implying ex situ conservation techniques should take the lineage identity into account. This is particularly true in Great Britain, northern France and Belgium, where S. nutans is rare and where distinct lineages co-occur in close contact.
“…To assess spatial patterns in vegetation at multiple scales, we used an extension of the Mantel test called a Mantel correlogram (Oden and Sokal 1986). Correlograms produce an index of spatial autocorrelation for classes of separation distances-samples that are compositionally more similar than averageyield positive autocorrelation, while those that are less similar are negatively autocorrelated .…”
Section: Macrophyte Species Distributions Among Zonesmentioning
“…(1) patterns of spatial variation produce characteristic "signatures" that can be detected by spatial autocorrelation analysis and summarized through correlograms; (2) similar signatures are produced by similar deterministic processes; and (3) changes in process or process intensity produce changes in the signatures. Oden and Sokal [1986] developed a more sophisticated graphical method for summarizing spatial autocorrelation than the one-dimensional variety used previously. Their "directional correlograms" depict relationships involving both distance and direction, facilitating simultaneous assessment of both these fundamental spatial relationships.…”
Section: Measures Of Spatial Associationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The size and shading of circle segments correspond to the statistical significance and strength of I for specific values of distance and direction. Oden and Sokal [1986] provided a comprehensive guide to the construction and interpretation of directional correlograms. The procedures are implemented in a readily available software package [Jacquez, 1991].…”
Section: Measures Of Spatial Associationmentioning
Abstract. Active-layer thickness was determined in late August 1995 and 1996 at 100 m intervals over seven 1 km 2 grids in the Arctic Coastal Plain and Arctic Foothills physiographic provinces of northern Alaska. Collectively, the sampled areas integrate the range of regional terrain, soil, and vegetation characteristics in this region. Spatial autocorrelation analysis indicates that patterns of active-layer thickness are governed closely by topographic detail, acting through near-surface hydrology. On the coastal plain, maximum variability occurs at scales involving hundreds of meters, and patterns were similar in the two years. Substantially less spatial structure and interannual correspondence were found within the foothill sites, where high variability occurs over smaller distances. The divergence in patterns of thaw depth between the two provinces reflects the scale of local terrain features, which predetermines the effectiveness of fixed sampling intervals. Exploratory analysis should be performed to ascertain the scale(s) of maximum variability within representative areas prior to selection of sampling intervals and development of long-term monitoring programs.
IntroductionThe active layer, a thickness of soil or other earth material above permafrost, experiences freezing and thawing on an annual basis. Given similar surface cover and soil properties, the active layer thins progressively toward the poles in response to shorter, cooler summers. Under a warming climate, such as that predicted by many general circulation models
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.