Directional and oscillating residual stress on the mesoscale in additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V

Strantza, Maria; Vrancken, Bey; Prime, Michael B.; Truman, Christopher E; Rombouts, Marleen; Brown, Donald W.; Guillaume, Patrick; Hemelrijck, Danny Van

doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2019.01.050

Cited by 74 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…For AM, a limited choice of alloys is used due to prototyping with specific properties [4]. The most widely used alloy for AM is Ti-6Al-4V [1,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12], especially concerning fatigue properties [13][14][15], due to wide use in medical, aircraft, aerospace and automotive industries belonging to high-value complex parts requiring only limited production volumes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive Manufacturing with Superduplex Stainless Steel Wire by CMT Process

Lervåg

Sørensen

Robertstad

et al. 2020

Metals

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For many years, the oil and gas industry has utilized superduplex stainless steels due to their high strength and excellent corrosion resistance. Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) was used with superduplex filler wire to create walls with different heat input. Due to the multiple heating and cooling cycles during layer deposition, brittle secondary phases may form such as intermetallic sigma (σ) phase. By inspecting deposited walls within wide range of heat inputs (0.40–0.87 kJ/mm), no intermetallic phases formed due to low inter-pass temperatures used, together with the high Ni content in the applied wire. Lower mechanical properties were observed with high heat inputs due to low ferrite volume fraction, precipitation of Cr nitrides and formation of secondary austenite. The walls showed good toughness values based on both Charpy V-notch and CTOD (crack tip opening displacement) testing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive Manufacturing with Superduplex Stainless Steel Wire by CMT Process

Lervåg

Sørensen

Robertstad

et al. 2020

Metals

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“…Residual stresses and strains are inherently linked to the processing conditions. For the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process, the thermal gradients, cooling rates, and part mechanical constraints result in the multi lengthscale residual stresses that exist within the as-built part [1][2][3][4][5]. These stresses can affect the component life in service and cause a catastrophic failure during the build such as part separation from the build plate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elastic Residual Strain and Stress Measurements and Corresponding Part Deflections of 3D Additive Manufacturing Builds of IN625 AM-Bench Artifacts Using Neutron Diffraction, Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction, and Contour Method

Phan

Strantza

Hill

et al. 2019

Integr Mater Manuf Innov

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“…Full strain tensor measurements using ND have been reported in the literature [35,36], but most diffraction-based residual stress measurements assume principal directions a priori, based on sample geometry, and only these three strains are measured [37,38]. In general, the complex laser path used during the L-PBF process produces localized strain fields from numerous individual melt pools [10], making questionable the assumption that the principle axes align with the external sample boundaries as would be expected in the case of a simple linear weld. In the present work in particular, the complex internal shape of the housing could make the principal directions vary significantly from point to point and to be inconsistent with directions inherited from the overall housing parallelepiped outline and the AM process, i.e.…”

Section: La-ur-19-29442mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wu et al [9] used ND to measure residual stresses in flat prism and L-shaped samples made using L-PBF, and also measured distortion. Strantza et al [10] used incremental slitting (IS) and incremental hole drilling (IHD) to investigate layer-by-layer variations in residual stresses in L-PBF produced blocks. Vrancken et al [11] used CM to measure residual stresses in compact tension samples produced via L-PBF.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Complementary Measurements of Residual Stresses Before and After Base Plate Removal in an Intricate Additively-Manufactured Stainless-Steel Valve Housing

Clausen

D’Elia

Prime

et al. 2020

Additive Manufacturing

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Residual stress measurements using neutron diffraction and the contour method were performed on a valve housing made from 316L stainless steel powder with intricate three-dimensional internal features using laser powder-bed fusion additive manufacturing. The measurements captured the evolution of the residual stress fields from a state where the valve housing was attached to the base plate to a state where the housing was cut free from the base plate. Making use of this cut, thus making it a nondestructive measurement in this application, the contour method mapped the residual stress component normal to the cut plane (this stress field is completely relieved by cutting) over the whole cut plane, as well as the change in all stresses in the entire housing due to the cut. The non-destructive nature of the neutron diffraction measurements enabled measurements of residual stress at various points in the build prior to cutting and again after cutting. Good agreement was observed between the two measurement techniques, which showed large, tensile build-direction residual stresses in the outer regions of the housing. The contour results showed large changes in multiple stress components upon removal of the build from the base plate in two distinct regions: near the plane where the build was cut free from the base plate and near the internal features that act as stress concentrators. These observations should be useful in understanding the driving mechanisms for builds cracking near the base plate and to identify regions of concern for structural integrity. Neutron diffraction measurements were also used to show the shear stresses near the base plate were significantly lower than normal stresses, an important assumption for the contour method because of the asymmetric cut.

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Directional and oscillating residual stress on the mesoscale in additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V

Cited by 74 publications

References 42 publications

Additive Manufacturing with Superduplex Stainless Steel Wire by CMT Process

Additive Manufacturing with Superduplex Stainless Steel Wire by CMT Process

Elastic Residual Strain and Stress Measurements and Corresponding Part Deflections of 3D Additive Manufacturing Builds of IN625 AM-Bench Artifacts Using Neutron Diffraction, Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction, and Contour Method

Complementary Measurements of Residual Stresses Before and After Base Plate Removal in an Intricate Additively-Manufactured Stainless-Steel Valve Housing

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