Direction of the mental canal in human mandibles

Freitas, V. De; Madeira, Miguel; Pinto, C; Zorzetto, Neivo Luiz

doi:10.1111/j.1834-7819.1976.tb01044.x

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Based on the findings of de Freitas et al (1976), it is advisable to turn the needle at the moment of the penetration of the mental canal: 55 degrees posterior-anterior in relation to the horizontal plane and 40 degrees lateral-medial in relation to the horizontal tangent of the body of the mandible at the level of the mental foramen. Also, Fishel et al (1976) did a radiological study of the mentonian foramen, where they examined one thousand full mouth inter-oral x-rays and after the analysis, on the horizontal plane, in around 70% of the cases, the mental foramen was located between the two premolars and in 22% of the cases the foramen was located in the apical area of the premolars.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and Morphometric Study of the Mental Foramen on the M-CP-18 Jiachenjiang Point

Oliveira¹,

Araújo²,

Silva

et al. 2009

Int. J. Morphol.

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SUMMARY:The purpose of this work was to study the morphology and morphometry of the mental foramen (MF), as well as to evaluate its morphological configuration; in addition to taking measures of its localization using as a parameter the distances of the foramen to the inferior border of the mandible and at the alveolar ridge. 80 dry mandibles were analyzed using the test of Qui-square and T test, with 5% of significance. Its average distance, on the right side, at the inferior edge of the mandible (IEM) was of 12.96(± 1.57) mm and of the alveolar ridge (AR) was of 12.82(± 3.4) mm. On the left side it was found distant of IEM 12.96(± 1.32) mm and of the AR 12.82(± 3.22)mm. The largest horizontal diameter found was of 3.32 (± 0.91) mm to the right and 3.25 (± 0.86) mm to the left side while the largest vertical diameter was of 2.38 (± 0.63) mm on the right and of 2.39 (± 0.58) mm on the left side. It was predominantly found in the oval form, on the right side, of which 98.3% presented as a larger diameter the horizontal (type I). On the left side, all the oval foramens were classified as of type I. 76 (95%) appeared single on both sides. As to the localization related to the mandibular dentition, it was localized in similar statistic proportions between the 1 st and 2 nd premolars and above the 2 nd premolar, in 45.17% of the mandibles, on the right side. On the left side it was predominantly found between the 1 st and 2 nd premolars 48.48% of the mandibles. The study of the MF is of vital importance to the acupuncture practice, as well as to modern surgical procedures, like anesthesia, requiring a detailed and precise study of the morphology and morphometry of the area.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and Morphometric Study of the Mental Foramen on the M-CP-18 Jiachenjiang Point

Oliveira¹,

Araújo²,

Silva

et al. 2009

Int. J. Morphol.

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“…The mental foramen is a funnel-shaped opening in the buccal cortical bone of the mandible (1). The direction of exit through the bone is usually in a posterior and superior direction (4,13). The smallest diameter of the foramen would usually be inferior and mesial to the buccal surface of the mandible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The location of the mental foramen in a selected Malay population

Ngeow

Yuzawati

2003

Journal of Oral Science

141

118

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Abstract:Knowledge of the position of the mental foramen is important both when administering regional anesthesia and performing periapical surgery in the mental region of the mandible. This study determines the position of the mental foramen in a selected Malay population. One hundred and sixty nine panoramic radiographs of Malay patients retrieved from a minor oral surgery waiting list were selected to identify the normal range for the position of the mental foramen. The foramen was not included in the study if there was any mandibular tooth missing between the lower left and right first molars (36-46). The findings indicated the most common position for the mental foramen was in line with the longitudinal axis of the second premolar (69.2 %) followed by a location between the first and second premolar (19.6 % ). The right and left foramina were bilaterally symmetrical in three of six recorded positions in 67.7 % patients. The mental foramen was most often in line with the second premolar. (J. Oral Sci. 45, 171-175, 2003)

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“…de Freitas et al (1976), studied the direction of the mental canal in both horizontal and vertical planes on two hundred and seventy five human adult mandibles of one hundred and eighty five men and ninety women from Brazil were used. The age of the samples was not determined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Position of the Mental Foramen in a Northern Regional Palestinian Population

Mohammad¹,

Shadid²,

Kaadna³

et al. 2016

Int J Oral Craniofac Sci

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Background: The mental foramen is one of important anatomical features frequently encountered in maxillofacial surgical procedures in premolars area. Its position has been shown to vary according to race. In this study researchers aim to study the position, shape, and appearance of the mental foramen, as seen on panoramic radiographs of Palestinians, and to compare our findings with international values. Materials and methods:A randomly selected panoramic radiographs (368 with 736 sides) from the records of dental patients attending three dental services in north of Palestine, the mental foramina's anterior-posterior position, shape, and radiologic appearance were subjected to analysis. Results:The most frequent anterior-posterior position was in the area between the long axes of first and second mandibular premolar teeth. The most frequent appearance was the continuous type and majority of foramina were rounded in shape. Conclusion:The position of the mental foramen on panoramic radiographs in this selected group of Palestinians was most commonly between the mandibular premolars. The continuous type and rounded shape of the mental foramen was founded in majority of cases. These results are similar to previous findings in Caucasian populations.nerve exiting the mental foramen gives off three branches deep to the depressor anguli oris muscle, one of which innervates the skin of the mental area, and the remaining two innervate the skin of the lower lip, mucous membranes, and the gingiva as posterior as the second premolar [5]. Mesial to the mental foramen, studies were able to confirm the existence of an incisive canal, which can be an extension of the mandibular canal [4,5]. It is usually hard to identify, and its neurovascular structures may be running through the trabecular network. A very small percentage of the population (1%) has bifurcating mandibular canals, which proceed anteriorly into an inferior superior and medial lateral plane [6]. Therefore, the bifurcated mandibular canal will exit in two separate mental foramina. In these case clinicians have to be cautious since a panoramic or perapical film may not reflect it. Furthermore, Dario et al. suggest that the clinicians planning a surgical implant placement procedure above the inferior

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Direction of the mental canal in human mandibles

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Morphological and Morphometric Study of the Mental Foramen on the M-CP-18 Jiachenjiang Point

Morphological and Morphometric Study of the Mental Foramen on the M-CP-18 Jiachenjiang Point

The location of the mental foramen in a selected Malay population

Position of the Mental Foramen in a Northern Regional Palestinian Population

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