Direction-of-Arrival Estimation of Electromagnetic Wave Impinging on Spherical Antenna Array in the Presence of Mutual Coupling Using a Multiple Signal Classification Method

Abstract

A spherical antenna array (SAA) is the configuration of choice in obtaining an antenna array with isotropic characteristics. An SAA has the capacity to receive an electromagnetic wave (EM) with equal intensity irrespective of the direction-of-arrival (DoA) and polarization. Therefore, the DoA estimation of electromagnetic (EM) waves impinging on an SAA with unknown mutual coupling needs to be considered. In the spherical domain, the traditional multiple signal classification algorithm (SH-MUSIC) is faced with a computational complexity problem. This paper presents a one-dimensional MUSIC method (1D-MUSIC) for the estimation of the azimuth and elevation angles. An intermediate mapping matrix that exists between Fourier series and the spherical harmonic function is designed, and the Fourier series Vandermonde structure is used for the realization of the polynomial rooting technique. This mapping matrix can be computed prior to the DoA estimation, and it is only a function of the array configuration. Based on the mapping matrix, the 2-D angle search is transformed into two 1-D angle findings. Employing the features of the Fourier series, two root polynomials are designed for the estimation of the elevation and azimuth angles, spontaneously. The developed method avoids the 2-D spectral search, and angles are paired in automation. Both numerical simulation results, and results from experimental measured data (i.e., with mutual coupling effect incorporated), show the validity, potency, and potential practical application of the developed algorithm.

Subspace Pseudointensity Vectors Approach for DoA Estimation Using Spherical Antenna Array in the Presence of Unknown Mutual Coupling

“…Spherical antenna array (SAA) (as shown in Figure 1) is an important configuration when obtaining an array with isotropic characteristics [1,3]. Estimating both the horizontal and vertical angle of arrivals requires a 3D antenna array configuration.…”

“…It improves the adaptive beamforming of the receiving radiation pattern for system sensitivity enhancement in the required directions of signals and reduces unwanted interference. DoAs ensure that antennas provide the best beam in the direction of the required users, and null in the directions of interferences, consequently improving the fidelity of the base stations and mobile stations [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Hence, estimating the DoA of electromagnetic (EM) waves that impinge antenna arrays is important for effective mobile communication.…”

“…Hence, estimating the DoA of electromagnetic (EM) waves that impinge antenna arrays is important for effective mobile communication. Spherical antenna array (SAA) (as shown in Figure 1) is an important configuration when obtaining an array with isotropic characteristics [1,3]. Estimating both the horizontal and vertical angle of arrivals requires a 3D antenna array configuration.…”

Multi-Source DoA Estimation of EM Waves Impinging Spherical Antenna Array With Unknown Mutual Coupling Using Relative Signal Pressure Based Multiple Signal Classification Approach

“…Different DoA estimation methods that are useful in spherical harmonic (SH) domain have been reported in literature, such as, [7]- [10]. For example, SH decomposition has been used to represent coefficient-based reflected signals, mode strength matrix, and reflector locations [11].…”

Investigation of Near-Field Source Localization Using Uniform Rectangular Array

“…Accurate DOA estimation is also crucial to establish the channel model of the massive MIMO system [1][2][3]. On the basis of the plane-wave assumption, a number of high-resolution algorithms, such as the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method [4][5][6], the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm [7,8], the estimation of signal parameter via rotational invariance technique (ESPRIT) method [9][10][11], and some methods based on the optimization and extension of these algorithms [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], have been used for far-field source localization.…”