Direction-of-Arrival Assisted Sequential Spoofing Detection and Mitigation

Abstract

received the diploma in electrical engineering and the Ph.D. degree from the University of Kaiserslautern, Germany. After graduation, he joined the Research Group for Radio Communications at the Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, as a senior key researcher, where he was involved in various international and national projects in the field of communications and navigation both as project coordinator and as technical contributor. From 2003 till 2013, Dr. Meurer was active as a senior lecturer and Associate Professor (PD) at the same university. Since 2006 Dr. Meurer is with the German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Institute of Communications and Navigation, where he is the director of the Department of Navigation and of the center of excellence for satellite navigation. In addition, since 2013 he is a professor of electrical engineering and director of the Chair of Navigation at the RWTH Aachen University. His current research interests include GNSS signals, GNSS receivers, interference and spoofing mitigation and navigation for safety-critical applications. Dr. Andriy Konovaltsev received his engineer diploma and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from Kharkov State Technical University of Radio Electronics, Ukraine in 1993 and 1996, respectively. He joined the Institute of Communications and Navigation of DLR in 2001. His main research interest is in application of antenna array signal processing for improving performance of satellite navigation systems in challenging signal environments. Manuel Appel received his diploma degree in electrical engineering from the university of applied science Ingolstadt, Germany in 2008. Additionally he received a M.Sc. degree from Technical University Munich in 2013 after working at Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits in Erlangen. He joined the Institute of Communications and Navigation of DLR in January 2014. His main research interest is in development of signal processing algorithms for robust GNSS receivers with the main focus on spoofing detection and mitigation. Manuel Cuntz received the diploma in electrical engineering degree in 2005 from the Technical University of Kaiserslautern. He joined the Institute of Communications and Navigation of DLR in June 2006. His fields of research are multi-antenna satellite navigation receivers.

GPS spoofing detection for the power grid network using a multireceiver hierarchical framework architecture

“…Proposed spoofing countermeasures include use of directional antennas to detect the origin of the incoming signal and comparing these measurements with the expected azimuth and elevation for each PRN . This approach is useful for PMUs in the power grid that are provided satellite ephemeris data from external sources and can thus immediately verify the received angle from each received satellite PRN signal.…”

Experimental validation of GNSS repeater detection based on antenna arrays for maritime applications

“…Examples are signal power, Doppler frequency offset, the PRN code delay and its rates, the shape of the correlation function as well as the relation of the signal components at different carrier frequencies (see [16,17] and [18] for instance). However, the most advanced protection against sophisticated spoofing attacks can be provided by using antenna arrays and utilizing signal processing in the spatial domain [19][20][21][22][23][24]. A GNSS receiver with multiple antennas is able to estimate the directions of arrival (DoA) of the impinging waveforms and therefore to distinguish between the authentic and counterfeit signals.…”

Self-contained Antenna Crosstalk and Phase Offset Calibration by Jointly Solving the Attitude Estimation and Calibration Problem

“…Beside that, these methods can severely be improved by calibration using deterministic beamforming and / or utilizing the exact steering vector, which is known through rotating the DOAs obtained from the ephemeris for each satellite by the antenna attitude. Other methods heavily depend on calibrated antenna arrays as for example the spoofing detection algorithm presented in [4], that will exclude PRN-Codes from Position-Velocity-Time (PVT) calculation, if the difference between the estimated and the expected DOA is too large.…”