Directing Adult Human Periodontal Ligament–Derived Stem Cells to Retinal Fate

Huang, Li; Liang, Ji‐Zhao; Geng, Yiqun; Tsang, Wai Ming; Yao, Xiaowu; Jhanji, Vishal; Zhang, Mingzhi; Cheung, Herman S.; Pang, Chi Pui; Yam, Gary Hin Fai

doi:10.1167/iovs.13-11910

Cited by 47 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…When the monolayer cells were placed in low attachment culture supplemented with CEE, they formed spheroids with an efficiency of 4.8%. This was similar to our earlier report showing ~4% efficiency 35. Spheroid formation appeared to be essential for PDL cells to differentiate towards CSK lineage.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Postnatal periodontal ligament as a novel adult stem cell source for regenerative corneal cell therapy

Yam

Teo

Setiawan

et al. 2018

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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Corneal opacities are a leading cause of global blindness. They are conventionally treated by the transplantation of donor corneal tissue, which is, restricted by a worldwide donor material shortage and allograft rejection. Autologous adult stem cells with a potential to differentiate into corneal stromal keratocytes (CSKs) could offer a suitable choice of cells for regenerative cell therapy. Postnatal periodontal ligament (PDL) contains a population of adult stem cells, which has a similar embryological origin as CSK, that is cranial neural crest. We harvested PDL cells from young adult teeth extracted because of non‐functional or orthodontic reason and differentiated them towards CSK phenotype using a two‐step protocol with spheroid formation followed by growth factor and cytokine induction in a stromal environment (human amnion stroma and porcine corneal stroma). Our results showed that the PDL‐differentiated CSK‐like cells expressed CSK markers (CD34, ALDH3A1, keratocan, lumican, CHST6, B3GNT7 and Col8A2) and had minimal expression of genes related to fibrosis and other lineages (vasculogenesis, adipogenesis, myogenesis, epitheliogenesis, neurogenesis and hematogenesis). Introduction of PDL spheroids into the stroma of porcine corneas resulted in extensive migration of cells inside the host stroma after 14‐day organ culture. Their quiescent nature and uniform cell distribution resembled to that of mature CSKs inside the native stroma. Our results demonstrated the potential translation of PDL cells for regenerative corneal cell therapy for corneal opacities.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Postnatal periodontal ligament as a novel adult stem cell source for regenerative corneal cell therapy

Yam

Teo

Setiawan

et al. 2018

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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“…PDLSC have the potential to form neurosheres, three-dimensional floating cell clusters containing neural stem/progenitor cells [13]. Moreover, recent studies have demonstrated the generation of retial cells from PDLSC by the formation of neurospheres and inhibition of Wnt and BMP signalings [14]. Our recent study demonstrated that semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) plays a crucial role in preserving stem cell properties of PDLSCs; the expression level of Sema3A was stronger in multipotent human PDL cell lines compared with low-differentiation potential lines, and Sema3A-overexpressing low-differentiation potential PDL clones increased ESC-and MSCrelated marker expression and enhanced capacity to differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes [15].…”

Section: Characteristic Of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells in Regenerative Dentistry for Periodontal Tissues

Tomokiyo¹

2016

JSRT

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The ideal periodontal treatment is regenerating functional periodontal tissues destroyed by severe periodontitis. The tissue engineering triad includes stem cells, biological signals, and cell-seeded scaffold that are considered to be essential for tissue regeneration. Periodontal ligament (PDL) tissue contains a stem cell population, periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSC), that is derived the neural crest tissue. PDLSC demonstrate high proliferative capacity and multipotency that make them a highly promising stem cell population for use in the regeneration of damaged periodontal tissues. Here, we review the current understanding of the features and functions of PDLSC. Keywords: Periodontal ligament; Regeneration; Stem cells; Periodontal tissues;Biological signals of the periodontium and around 50% of adults suffer from its moderate and severe generalized form [2] Severe generalized form of periodontitis induces the destruction of PDL tissues including the loss of collagen fiber attachment between alveolar bones to the cementum surface and the progression of alveolar bone resorption, which is a principal cause for tooth loss [3]. Therefore, the regeneration of PDL tissues damaged by advanced periodontitis would be important to maintain healthy teeth for a lifetime. Stem cells are self-sustaining by replicating themselves and show the potential to differentiate into various cell types. Many researchers believe that these features of stem cells may offer benefits in the field of cell-based regenerative therapy. PDL stem cells (PDLSC) are a kind of dental stem cells identified in PDL tissues and originate from the neural crest tissue. They also have the potential to differentiate into a variety of PDL cells including fibroblasts, osteoblasts, cementoblasts, enthothelial cells, neural cells [4,5]. The aim of this review is to summarize the key topics of PDLSC including their properties, characteristics, current research, and future potential for PDLSC-based regenerative periodontal therapies. Characteristic of periodontal ligament stem cellsThe stem/progenitor cell populations have been revealed to be derived from endosteal spaces that are enriched immmature cells [6]. These cells have the potential to differentiate into multipule PDL cell including fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and cementoblasts that are principal for maintainance and homeostasis of PDL tissues [7]. Seo et al. [8] first isolated PDLSC from the PDL tissue of extracted human third molar teeth [8]. Many types of MSCrelated cell surface markers such as CD10, CD13, CD26, CD29, CD44, CD71, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD106, CD146, CD166, CD349, STRO-1, STRO-3, and TNAP/MSCA-1 have been identified in PDLSC [9]. PDLSC formed mineralized nodules with the increase of bone-related gene expression when they were cultured in osteogenic medium [8]. Additionally, PDLSC injected into calvarial defect model mice demonstrated the new bone formation within the defects [10], suggesting that PDLSC have the capacity to differentiate into osteoblasts. PDLSC was also induced...

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“…Notably, their differentiation capacity is not only limited to mesenchymal derivatives as they are able to generate ectodermal progeny [109][110][111][112]. Exposure of PDLSCs to E. coli or P. gingivalis LPS resulted in activation of NF-κB, production of IL-6 and IL-8, increased their proliferation rate and negatively influenced their osteogenic differentiation potential [17,113].…”

Section: Other Adult Stem and Progenitor Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controversial Role of Toll-like Receptor 4 in Adult Stem Cells

Zeuner

Bieback

Widera

2015

Stem Cell Rev and Rep

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Adult or somatic stem cells are tissue-resident cells with the ability to proliferate, exhibit self-maintenance as well as to generate new cells with the principal phenotypes of the tissue in response to injury or disease. Due to their easy accessibility and their potential use in regenerative medicine, adult stem cells raise the hope for future personalisable therapies. After infection or during injury, they are exposed to broad range of pathogen or damage-associated molecules leading to changes in their proliferation, migration and differentiation. The sensing of such damage and infection signals is mostly achieved by Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) with Toll-like receptor 4 being responsible for recognition of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and endogenous danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). In this review, we examine the current state of knowledge on the TLR4-mediated signalling in different adult stem cell populations. Specifically, we elaborate on the role of TLR4 and its ligands on proliferation, differentiation and migration of mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells as well as neural stem cells. Finally, we discuss conceptual and technical pitfalls in investigation of TLR4 signalling in stem cells.

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Directing Adult Human Periodontal Ligament–Derived Stem Cells to Retinal Fate

Abstract: Primary human PDLSC could be directed to retinal progenitors with competence for photoreceptor differentiation. Human neural crest-derived PDL is readily accessible and can be an ample autologous source of undifferentiated cells for retinal cell regeneration.

Cited by 47 publications

References 51 publications

Postnatal periodontal ligament as a novel adult stem cell source for regenerative corneal cell therapy

Postnatal periodontal ligament as a novel adult stem cell source for regenerative corneal cell therapy

Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells in Regenerative Dentistry for Periodontal Tissues

Controversial Role of Toll-like Receptor 4 in Adult Stem Cells

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