“…The liquid-gas reaction process allows one to manufacture a wide range of matrix materials (aluminum, titanium, copper, nickel, and iron), and secondary phases (nitrides, borides, carbides, oxides, and their mixtures). 9,10 Liquid-gas processing approaches where the gas is in direct contact with the melt surface have been reported; [8][9][10][11][12] direct melt oxidation (DIMOX) and direct melt nitridation (PRIMEX) follow the liquid-gas reaction approach; however the melt is in a static/fl owing gas environment. 10,11 Gas injection, which is the process we have developed and refi ned, differs from direct melt reaction techniques in that the synthesis of the reinforcement is not limited to the surface of the melt, but occurs throughout the depth of the melt.…”