Directed Energy Deposition (DED) Process: State of the Art

Ahn, Dong‐Gyu

doi:10.1007/s40684-020-00302-7

Cited by 277 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 245 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Powder bed fusion (PBF) and directed energy deposition (DED) processes are representative MAM processes to fabricate three-dimensional metallic parts [3][4][5]. The DED process irradiates a focused energy source on the substrate to create the melt pool into the substrate [6][7][8]. The feeding materials are supplied into the melt pool.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The feeding materials are melted by the heat of both the melt pool and the irradiated energy source [6,8]. The deposition bead is formed through the solidification of melted materials [6][7][8]. Three-dimensional metallic parts are fabricated by repetition of these steps.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three-dimensional metallic parts are fabricated by repetition of these steps. The DED process can be classified into powder and wire feeding types according to feeding materials [8,9]. The laser engineered net shaping (LENS) process is the first commercialized powder feeding type DED process by Optomec Inc. [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The DED process can be classified into powder and wire feeding types according to feeding materials [8,9]. The laser engineered net shaping (LENS) process is the first commercialized powder feeding type DED process by Optomec Inc. [8,9]. The LENS process has been patented by Sandia National Laboratory of USA [5,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The laser engineered net shaping (LENS) process is the first commercialized powder feeding type DED process by Optomec Inc. [8,9]. The LENS process has been patented by Sandia National Laboratory of USA [5,8]. The DED process has been widely applied to repair, remanufacturing and functional coating of metallic components [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Effects of Deposition Strategy and Preheating Temperature on Thermo-Mechanical Characteristics of Inconel 718 Super-Alloy Deposited on AISI 1045 Substrate Using a DED Process

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Thermomechanical characteristics are highly dependent on the deposition strategy of the directed energy deposition (DED) process, including the deposition path, the interpass time, the deposition volume, etc., as well as the preheating condition of the substrate. This paper aims to investigate the effects of the deposition strategy and the preheating temperature on thermomechanical characteristics of Inconel 718 super-alloy deposited on an AISI 1045 substrate using a DED process via finite element analyses (FEAs). FE models for different deposition strategies and preheating temperatures are created to examine the thermomechanical behavior. Sixteen deposition strategies are adopted to perform FEAs. The heat sink coefficient is estimated from a comparison of temperature histories of experiments and those of FEAs to obtain appropriate FE models. The influence of deposition strategies on residual stress distributions in the designed model for a small volume deposition is examined to determine feasible deposition strategies. In addition, the effects of the deposition strategy and the preheating temperature on residual stress distributions of the designed part for large volume deposition are investigated to predict a suitable deposition strategy of the DED head and appropriate preheating temperature of the substrate.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Effects of Deposition Strategy and Preheating Temperature on Thermo-Mechanical Characteristics of Inconel 718 Super-Alloy Deposited on AISI 1045 Substrate Using a DED Process

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Life Prediction for Directed Energy Deposition‐Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel using a Coupled Crystal Plasticity–Machine Learning Framework

Zhang

Hohl

et al. 2023

Adv Eng Mater

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Additively manufactured stainless steels have become increasingly popular due to their desirable properties, but their mechanical behavior in structural parts is not yet fully understood. Specifically, the impact of columnar microstructures on fatigue behavior is still unclear. A typical directed energy deposition (DED)‐fabricated 316L stainless steel microstructure consists of distinct zones with equiaxed and columnar grains. To answer the question of how these zones of a DED‐fabricated 316L stainless steel microstructure affect the local mechanical behavior individually, such as the fatigue strength, stress/strain distribution, and fatigue life, crystal plasticity simulations are conducted to investigate the influence of microstructure on local mechanical behavior such as fatigue strength, stress/strain distribution, and fatigue life. The simulations find that columnar microstructures exhibit better fatigue strength than equiaxed structures when the load is parallel to the major axis of the columnar grains, but the strength decreases when the load is perpendicular. This study also uses machine learning to predict fatigue life, which shows good agreement with crystal plasticity modeling. The study suggests that the combined crystal plasticity–machine learning approach is an effective way to predict the fatigue behavior of additively manufactured components.

show abstract

Embedding Function within Additively Manufactured Parts: Materials Challenges and Opportunities

Trinchi

Sola

2023

Adv Eng Mater

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

As additive manufacturing (AM), particularly metal and polymer‐based 3D printing, progresses from a scientific curiosity to an industry mainstay, there is an increasing desire for parts to take on secondary roles beyond their primary, typically structural or mechanical, function. This may enable unique and broad‐ranging functional customization, including monitoring part performance or its local environment, provisions for unique identifiers in tracking, anticounterfeiting, quality control, and even product certification. Many materials and processing compatibility requirements must be addressed to achieve embedded function, as embedded fillers or additives must not compromise either the part's production or its primary function. Herein, the material, technological, and processing challenges are highlighted for embedding function into parts produced by some of the most popular AM techniques, with examples provided from the literature. While it is possible to produce cavities within 3D printed parts and place functional components within them postbuild, approaches, herein, specifically explore direct incorporation of functional agents, fillers, and additives during the build process that imparts ancillary function. It is hoped to inspire exploration of the possibilities and enhancements achievable through functional AM. On account of its versatility, binder jetting is analyzed as a case study, with novel approaches for embedding new functions outlined.

show abstract

Directed Energy Deposition (DED) Process: State of the Art

Cited by 277 publications

References 245 publications

Effects of Deposition Strategy and Preheating Temperature on Thermo-Mechanical Characteristics of Inconel 718 Super-Alloy Deposited on AISI 1045 Substrate Using a DED Process

Effects of Deposition Strategy and Preheating Temperature on Thermo-Mechanical Characteristics of Inconel 718 Super-Alloy Deposited on AISI 1045 Substrate Using a DED Process

Life Prediction for Directed Energy Deposition‐Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel using a Coupled Crystal Plasticity–Machine Learning Framework

Embedding Function within Additively Manufactured Parts: Materials Challenges and Opportunities

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About