Directed and On‐Demand Alignment of Carbon Nanotube: A Review toward 3D Printing of Electronics

Goh, Guo Liang; Agarwala, Shweta; Yeong, Wai Yee

doi:10.1002/admi.201801318

Cited by 123 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 310 publications

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“…In-situ alignment techniques include methods to achieve CNT alignment during the growing process, while ex-situ alignment techniques are implemented during the integration process of the CNTs [19]. Ex-situ alignment techniques include the use of electric fields [20,21], magnetic fields [22], surface forces [23], acoustic waves [24], mechanical stretching [25], and extrusion-based methods such as three-dimensional (3D) printing [26]. These techniques have proved useful to improve the CNT alignment in a chosen direction, often significantly enhancing the electrical conductivity of the nanocomposite in the aligned direction of the heterogeneous microstructures [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Electrical Conductivity of Carbon Nanotube-Based Elastomer Nanocomposites Prepared by Microwave Curing

et al. 2019

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Nanocomposites consisting of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and well-dispersed carbon nanotubes (CNT) can be cured by microwave radiation within a minute, forming a conductive network within the cured materials. Microwave irradiation delivers energy directly to the inner core of the nanocomposites by heating CNTs and initiating rapid polymerization of the elastomer. In this paper, nanocomposites were fabricated with CNT loadings between 0.5 wt.%–2.5 wt.% via microwave irradiation. Key properties of the nanocomposites including electrical conductivity, microstructures, CNT distribution, density, and surface effects were all characterized. The properties of microwave-cured nanocomposites were compared with those manufactured by the thermal method using a conventional oven. The microwave-curing method substantially increased the electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites due to the improved nanoparticle dispersion and likely CNT alignment. Optimal microwave-curing parameters were identified to further improve the conductivity of the nanocomposites with lowest CNT loading. A conductivity enhancement of 142.8% over thermally cured nanocomposites was achieved for nanocomposites with 1 wt.% CNTs cured via one-step microwave irradiation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Electrical Conductivity of Carbon Nanotube-Based Elastomer Nanocomposites Prepared by Microwave Curing

et al. 2019

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“…D. Zhang et al already reported the preferential orientation that experienced GNPs during 3D printing [41]. This statement is also supported by Goh et al [42], who corroborated the alignment of CNTs along the extrusion direction. In order to study the anisotropy of the 3D printed parts, the surface electrical conductivity was measured along the X-axis (0 • ) and Y-axis (90 • ).…”

Section: Influence Of 3d Printing Operational Parameters On the Electmentioning

confidence: 52%

Influence of Manufacturing Parameters and Post Processing on the Electrical Conductivity of Extrusion-Based 3D Printed Nanocomposite Parts

et al. 2020

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The influence of manufacturing parameters of filament extrusion and extrusion-based Additive Manufacturing (AM), as well as different post processing techniques, on the electrical conductivity of 3D printed parts of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP)-reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) has been analyzed. The key role of the manufacturing parameters to obtain electrically conductive filaments and 3D printed parts has been demonstrated. Results have shown that an increase in extrusion speed, as well as lower land lengths, induces higher extrudate swelling, with the consequent reduction of the electrical conductivity. Additionally, filaments with lower diameter values, which result in a higher surface-to-cross-section ratio, have considerably lower electrical conductivities. These factors tune the values of the volume and surface electrical conductivity between 10−4–100 S/m and 10−8–10−3 S/sq, respectively. The volume and surface electrical conductivity considerably diminished after 3D printing. They increased when using higher printing layer thickness and width and were ranging between 10−7–10−4 S/m and 10−8–10−5 S/sq, respectively. This is attributed to the higher cross section area of the individual printed lines. The effect of different post processing (acetone vapor polishing, plasma and neosanding, which is a novel finishing process) on 3D printed parts in morphology and surface electrical conductivity was also analyzed.

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“…Current conventional electronics fabrication methods comprise of a series of additive and subtractive manufacturing techniques which are complicated, time‐consuming, uneconomical, and environmentally unfriendly. Therefore, 3D printing of electronics aims to mitigate these shortfalls and at the same time, allowing low‐cost fabrication of electronics and helps to increase designs freedom by allowing electrical circuits and components to be directly fabricated onto various types of substrates …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metallic Nanoparticle Inks for 3D Printing of Electronics

Tan

Chua

et al. 2019

Adv Elect Materials

199

100

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Metallic nanoparticle inks are readily obtainable from the commercial market and are commonly used for fabricating conductive tracks and patterns due to their relatively higher electrical conductivity as compared to other types of inks. These metallic nanoparticle inks are made up of electrically conductive metallic nanoparticles suspended in liquid mediums, with particle size ranging from 1 to 100 nm. However, there are also diverse types of metallic nanoparticle inks in the market (for instance, silver nanoparticle inks, gold nanoparticle inks, and copper nanoparticle inks). Metallic nanoparticle inks of different material compositions can directly influence the final electrical, material, and mechanical properties of the printed patterns. This paper presents an overview of the different types of metallic nanoparticle inks used for the 3D printing of electronics. The strengths and weaknesses of each type of ink are critically reviewed. The challenges and potentials of metallic nanoparticle inks in 3D printed electronics are also discussed. Metallic Nanoparticle InksMetallic nanoparticle inks are suspensions of metallic nanoparticles in liquid mediums (see Figure 2a), in which individual metallic nanoparticle is encapsulated in a layer of insulating organic additives and stabilizing agents (see Figure 2b). The encapsulating organic additives and stabilizing agents help prevent the metallic nanoparticles from agglomeration, but at the same time, also impede the flow of electrons from particles to particles. Therefore, sintering processes are required to remove The three-dimensional (3D) printed electronics additive manufacturing industry sector has grown substantially in the past few years, and there is increasing demand for different types of metallic nanoparticle inks in electronics printing for various applications. Metallic nanoparticle inks are commonly used for fabricating conductive tracks and patterns due to their relatively high electrical conductivity as compared to other types of inks, and they can be further categorized into single-element metallic nanoparticle inks, alloy metallic nanoparticle inks, metallic oxide nanoparticle inks, and core-shell bimetallic nanoparticle (BNP) inks. It is critical to gain a deep understanding of the metallic nanoparticle inks used in 3D printed electronics as the material properties of these inks can directly affect the final electrical and mechanical properties of the printed patterns. This review presents an overview of the available metallic nanoparticle inks used for 3D printing of electronics, and critically reviews the strengths and weaknesses of each type of ink. Finally, the challenges of metallic nanoparticle inks in 3D printed electronics are also discussed along with the future outlook for 3D printed electronics.

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Directed and On‐Demand Alignment of Carbon Nanotube: A Review toward 3D Printing of Electronics

Cited by 123 publications

References 310 publications

Enhanced Electrical Conductivity of Carbon Nanotube-Based Elastomer Nanocomposites Prepared by Microwave Curing

Enhanced Electrical Conductivity of Carbon Nanotube-Based Elastomer Nanocomposites Prepared by Microwave Curing

Influence of Manufacturing Parameters and Post Processing on the Electrical Conductivity of Extrusion-Based 3D Printed Nanocomposite Parts

Metallic Nanoparticle Inks for 3D Printing of Electronics

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