Direct visualization of microtubules using a genetic tool to analyse radial progenitor-astrocyte continuum in brain

Eom, Tae Yeon; Stanco, Amelia; Weimer, Jill M.; Stabingas, Kristen; Sibrack, Elizabeth; Gukassyan, Vladimir; Cheng, Jr-Gang; Anton, E. S.

doi:10.1038/ncomms1460

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…We did not observe any motility of fine astrocytic processes on the timescale of tens of minutes, suggesting that astrocytes in the adult intact brain of anesthetized animals may not be motile. This agrees with in vivo imaging of microtubule structures in astrocytic processes, which was also described to be stable on these timescales, 18 and with our time-lapse studies of the dynamics of very superficial fine processes in the BAC GLT-1 EGFP mouse. While we cannot rule out that processes that fall under our detection limit may be motile, it is interesting to note that we could visualize processes that were ∼1 μm in size, similar to the size of motile processes in previous in vitro studies of developing systems.…”

Section: Dynamics Of Astrocytic Processessupporting

confidence: 91%

“…We did not observe any overt changes in the process arbor during this time, suggesting that astrocytic processes in anesthetized animals in vivo may be structurally stable on these timescales. 18 To compare BAC Id3 EGFP mice to other available astrocytic reporter strains, we also carried out in vivo imaging experiments on BAC GLT-1 transgenic mice, in which the majority of astrocytes throughout the brain express EGFP. 21 While astrocytes have previously been visualized in these mice using Visualization of blood vessels and astrocytes in the cortex of BAC Id3 mice in vivo.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9). In contrast, an astrocytic line that labels the microtubule cytoskeleton has been used to obtain beautiful images of astrocytic processes in vivo, 18 however, this line may miss the structure and dynamics of areas supported by other cytoskeletal proteins. Recently, GLAST CreERT2 knock-in mice 43 crossed with an inducible reporter line have been used to image astrocytes in vivo.…”

Section: Imaging Astrocytes and Blood Vessels In The Intact Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, existing imaging studies have been mostly limited to examining the morphology of astrocytes and their reaction to pathological events in vivo due to the lack of appropriate labels that could allow the visualization of the very small processes as required to study their interactions with blood vessels and other cellular elements in the intact healthy brain. 18 Id3 is a member of the inhibitor of DNA binding (Id) proteins which bind to and inhibit basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors. Id proteins are expressed largely during embryonic development, but have also been shown to be present in the postnatal brain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of the BAC Id3-enhanced green fluorescent protein transgenic mouse line forin vivoimaging of astrocytes

2014

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Astrocytes are highly ramified glial cells with critical roles in brain physiology and pathology. Recently, breakthroughs in imaging technology have expanded our understanding of astrocyte function in vivo. The in vivo study of astrocytic dynamics, however, is limited by the tools available to label astrocytes and their processes. Here, we characterize the bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic Id3-EGFP knock-in mouse to establish its usefulness for in vivo imaging of astrocyte processes. Using fixed brain sections, we observed enhanced green fluorescent protein expression in astrocytes and blood vessel walls throughout the brain, although the extent and cell type specificity of expression depended on the brain area and developmental age. Using in vivo two-photon imaging, we visualized astrocytes in cortical layers 1-3 in both thin skull and window preparations. In adult animals, astrocytic cell bodies and fine processes could be followed over many hours. Our results suggest that Id3 mice could be used for in vivo imaging of astrocytes and blood vessels in development and adulthood.

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Section: Dynamics Of Astrocytic Processessupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Imaging Astrocytes and Blood Vessels In The Intact Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of the BAC Id3-enhanced green fluorescent protein transgenic mouse line forin vivoimaging of astrocytes

2014

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“…As microtubules pull neuronal somas, they are the basic structures necessary for radial migration. 45 Previous evidence demonstrated that newborn cortical neuron motility is significantly impaired in the absence of ADAM10 and that disrupted microtubules are related to the decreased expression of acetylated tubulin and microtubule-associated proteins. 9 Intriguingly, the NICD/RBPJ complex can enhance the promoter activity of doublecortin, a modulator of microtubule cytoskeletons, and up-regulate the expression of doublecortin in neurons.…”

Section: Radial Migration and Laminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stage‐dependent involvement of ADAM10 and its significance in epileptic seizures

Zhou

Tao

Cai

et al. 2019

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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The prevalence of epileptic seizures in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has attracted an increasing amount of attention in recent years, and many cohort studies have found several risk factors associated with the genesis of seizures in AD. Among these factors, young age and severe dementia are seemingly contradictory and independent risk factors, indicating that the pathogenesis of epileptic seizures is, to a certain extent, stage‐dependent. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain‐containing protein 10 (ADAM10) is a crucial α‐secretase responsible for ectodomain shedding of its substrates; thus, the function of this protein depends on the biological effects of its substrates. Intriguingly, transgenic models have demonstrated ADAM10 to be associated with epilepsy. Based on the biological effects of its substrates, the potential pathogenic roles of ADAM10 in epileptic seizures can be classified into amyloidogenic processes in the ageing stage and cortical dysplasia in the developmental stage. Therefore, ADAM10 is reviewed here as a stage‐dependent modulator in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Current data regarding ADAM10 in epileptic seizures were collected and reviewed for potential pathogenic roles (ie amyloidogenic processes and cortical dysplasia) and regulatory mechanisms (ie transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation). These findings are then discussed in terms of the significance of the stage‐dependent functions of ADAM10 in epilepsy. Several potential targets for seizure control, such as candidate transcription factors and microRNAs that regulate ADAM10, as well as potential genetic screening tools for the early recognition of cortical dysplasia, have been suggested but must be studied in more detail.

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Coupling progenitor and neuronal diversity in the developing neocortex

Govindan

Jabaudon

2017

FEBS Letters

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The adult neocortex is composed of several types of glutamatergic neurons, which are sequentially born from progenitors during development. The extent and nature of progenitor diversity, and how it relates to neuronal diversity, is still poorly understood. In this review, we discuss key features of neocortical progenitors across several species, including their morphological properties, cell cycling behaviour and molecular signatures, and how these features relate to the competence of these cells to generate distinct types of progenies. Keywords: neocortical development; neurogenesis; progenitor diversityThe adult neocortex is composed of several types of glutamatergic neurons, which assemble during development to form the circuits underlying many of our conscious perceptions and motor actions. These distinct neuronal subtypes are sequentially born from progenitors, but the extent and nature of progenitor diversity, and how it relates to neuronal diversity, is still poorly understood.Neocortical neurons are generated by progenitors located in the ventricular zone (VZ), which is located below the cortical plate (i.e. developing cortex) and lines the walls of the ventricles [1]. In mice, neurogenesis starts on the tenth embryonic day (E10.5) and proceeds for about a week, until E18.5, after which astrogliogenesis occurs (see Ref.[2] for a recent review). Early born neurons migrate to form the deepest cortical layers (layers 6 and 5) while later born neurons migrate past them to reside more superficially and form upper layers (layer 2, 3 and 4). Deep layer neurons mostly send their axons to subcortical targets such as the thalamus, hindbrain or spinal cord, while superficial layer neurons mostly project intracortically, either locally (layer 4 neurons), or by forming longrange intracortical and interhemispheric projections.

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Direct visualization of microtubules using a genetic tool to analyse radial progenitor-astrocyte continuum in brain

Cited by 19 publications

References 29 publications

Characterization of the BAC Id3-enhanced green fluorescent protein transgenic mouse line forin vivoimaging of astrocytes

Characterization of the BAC Id3-enhanced green fluorescent protein transgenic mouse line forin vivoimaging of astrocytes

Stage‐dependent involvement of ADAM10 and its significance in epileptic seizures

Coupling progenitor and neuronal diversity in the developing neocortex

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