Direct Ultrastructural Imaging of Macrophages Using a Novel X-Ray Contact Microscopy

Kado, M.; Richardson, M.; Rajyaguru, Jayshree M.; Muszynski, Michael J.; Friedman, H.; Yamamoto, Yoshimasa

doi:10.3181/00379727-220-44340

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The specimen is placed on an X‐ray photo resist (PMMA; polymethyl methacrylate) supported by a silicon wafer, which can be obtained from Silson, Ltd., Northants, UK, and mechanically shielded with a thin silicon nitride window, 100 nm in thickness. The resolution of PMMA is as high as 5 nm and is adequate for analysis of cell structures, because the resolution of a photo resist is critical for the final spatial resolution of X‐ray microscopy (Sayre and Chapman, 1995; Kado et al, 1999). The specimen holder is placed 1 cm away from the target at an angle of 45 degrees from the target.…”

Section: X‐ray Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That is, well‐maintained fragile outer structures of macrophages are observed by X‐ray microscopy, providing acceptable resolution for the study of cell–cell interactions. The application of X‐ray microscopy to biological specimens, such as chromosome fibers, protozoa, bacteria, sperm, and cultured cells, has also been studied with some success (Tomie et al, 1991; Kinjo et al, 1994; Kirz et al, 1995; Methe et al, 1997; Rajyaguru et al, 1997a, b; Kado et al, 1999; Scharf and Schneider, 1999). In particular, current equipment supported by advanced technologies provides practical X‐ray microscopes, such as those used in this study and for similar cell biology studies by biological scientists.…”

Section: Analysis Of Cell Surface Structures By X‐ray Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of X‐ray microscopy in analysis of living hydrated cells

Yamamoto

Shinohara²

2002

Anat. Rec.

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Because there is a limit for analysis of fine hydrophilic cell structures of living cells in medium by ordinary techniques, including electron microscopy, the development of a new technology to overcome such limitation is highly desirable. In this regard, soft X-ray microscopy (high-resolution X-ray imaging of structures), which does not require any special procedures for sample preparation, has been developed and applied to analyze structures of biological specimens. In this article, application of two types of X-ray microscopes, which use laser-produced plasma X-rays or synchrotron radiation to image the structure of macrophage cells, is introduced as an example of a novel approach to analysis of biological specimens. Both types of X-ray microscopy show the network of fine fibrillar surface structures on macrophages in medium. Ordinary transmission and scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy also show the presence of such structures, but electron microscopy showed alterations due to sample processing and light microscopy did not show a clear image due to low resolution. Thus, X-ray microscopy has the potential capability to analyze structures of live cells in a hydrated condition and may reveal a function-related structural alignment of cells in their natural form.

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Section: X‐ray Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analysis Of Cell Surface Structures By X‐ray Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of X‐ray microscopy in analysis of living hydrated cells

Yamamoto

Shinohara²

2002

Anat. Rec.

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“…Thus, in the frame of reference of the sample, the detector and the incident beam are rotated in a circle about a point on the sample surface with a radius equal to the distance between the sample and the detector. The sample stage, along with the detector, is located in a vacuum chamber to avoid scattering and absorption of the soft X-rays in the ambient atmosphere (Bertilson et al, 2007;Kado et al, 1999).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of surface topology of printed nanoparticle layers using wide-angle low-Qscattering

Jonah

Härting

Gullikson

et al. 2014

J Synchrotron Radiat

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A new small-angle scattering technique in reflection geometry is described which enables a topological study of rough surfaces. This is achieved by using long-wavelength soft X-rays which are scattered at wide angles but in the low-Q range normally associated with small-angle scattering. The use of nanometre-wavelength radiation restricts the penetration to a thin surface layer which follows the topology of the surface, while moving the scattered beam to wider angles preventing shadowing by the surface features. The technique is, however, only applicable to rough surfaces for which there is no specular reflection, so that only the scattered beam was detected by the detector. As an example, a study of the surfaces of rough layers of silicon produced by the deposition of nanoparticles by blade-coating is presented. The surfaces of the blade-coated layers have rough features of the order of several micrometers. Using 2 nm and 13 nm X-rays scattered at angular ranges of 5° ≤ θ ≤ 51° and 5° ≤ θ ≤ 45°, respectively, a combined range of scattering vector of 0.00842 Å(-1) ≤ Q ≤ 0.4883 Å(-1) was obtained. Comparison with previous transmission SAXS and USAXS studies of the same materials indicates that the new method does probe the surface topology rather than the internal microstructure.

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“…However in order to realize the single shot flash imaging of hydrated living biological cells extremely high intense laser plasma x-ray sources are required and success has been limited with the images only showing the surface structure of cells [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%