Direct supplementation of diet is the most efficient way of enriching broiler meat with n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids

Abstract

1. Concentrations of beneficial omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs) in poultry meat can be improved by increasing the concentration of n-3 PUFA in poultry diets. 2. A decrease in flavour quality is, however, usually associated with the dietary supplementation with n-3 PUFA, which is due to the susceptibility of PUFA to oxidation. 3. This experiment was conducted to study the effects of introducing two different n-3 fatty acid sources (extruded linseed and DHA Gold™, a proprietary algal product rich in docosahexaenoic acid), either separately or together, on broiler productive performance, and meat quality, oxidative stability, sensory traits and LC-PUFA profile. 4. Birds given the algal product displayed better productive performances than animals from other groups. 5. The data revealed an improvement in the fatty acid nutritional value of meat from birds receiving the algal product and an inefficient conversion of α-linolenic acid (LNA) into LC-PUFA. 6. Metabolisation of LNA in vivo is not sufficient to improve meat quality in n-3 LC-PUFA and direct supplementation of the diet with n-3 LC-PUFA is a better alternative to modulate an increase in beneficial fatty acids of broiler meat. 7. The overall acceptability of meat was negatively affected by the dietary supplementation with 7.4% of DHA, in contrast to the supplementation with 3.7% of DHA, which showed to be efficient in improving LC-PUFA meat content without affecting its sensory properties.

Dietary High‐Oleic Acid Soybean Oil Dose Dependently Attenuates Egg Yolk Content of n‐3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Laying Hens Fed Supplemental Flaxseed Oil

“…Although the yolk weights of the laid eggs were not significantly affected (see below), a reduced rate of hepatic VLDL secretion could result in more skipped days of egg production and account for the fewer eggs laid by hens fed the 40 g FLAX/kg diet because VLDL is the main yolk precursor macromolecule (Burley, Evans, & Pearson, 1993). It is well known that feeding chickens LNA, a competitive inhibitor of ALA metabolism, can attenuate the n-3 PUFA content of tissues and eggs (Fraeye et al, 2012;Jing et al, 2013;Ribeiro et al, 2013). The opposite also holds true for VLC n-6 PUFA, as demonstrated by the suppression of yolk ARA content and the elevation of yolk LNA content, by feeding hens increasing amounts of dietary FLAX (Table 5).…”

“…It is well known that feeding chickens LNA, a competitive inhibitor of ALA metabolism, can attenuate the n‐3 PUFA content of tissues and eggs (Fraeye et al, ; Jing et al, ; Ribeiro et al, ). The opposite also holds true for VLC n‐6 PUFA, as demonstrated by the suppression of yolk ARA content and the elevation of yolk LNA content, by feeding hens increasing amounts of dietary FLAX (Table ).…”

“…In addition, because the conversion of linoleic acid (LNA; 18:2n-6) to arachidonic acid (ARA; 20:4 n-6) is catalyzed by these same enzymes, dietary LNA can competitively inhibit ALA access to key enzymes, such as Δ6 desaturase, and attenuate the production of EPA and DHA from ALA (Fraeye et al, 2012;Goldberg, Ryland, Gibson, Aliani, & House, 2013;Jing, Gakhar, Gibson, & House, 2013;Kartikasari et al, 2012). Like humans, chickens have a limited ability to synthesize VLC n-3 PUFA from ALA (Fraeye et al, 2012;Hargis & Van Elswyk, 1993), and egg and tissue contents of DHA can be more readily increased by direct dietary supplementation of DHA (Cachaldora, García-Rebollar, Alvarez, De Blas, & Méndez, 2008;Fraeye et al, 2012;Leskanich & Noble, 1997;Neijat, Eck, & House, 2017;Ribeiro et al, 2013).…”

Horse-meat for human consumption — Current research and future opportunities

“…It has been reported that PLRP2 is absent in pigs, turkeys and ruminants but surprisingly present in horses (De Caro et al, 2008). This enzyme could potentially explain the high content of LNA deposition in horse tissues in comparison to porcine and poultry tissues (He, Ishikawa, & Hidari, 2005;Ribeiro et al, 2013). Based on the studies by Lorenzo, Fuciños, Purriños, and Franco (2010) and Guil-Guerrero et al (2013a) a large accumulation of LNA in horse tissues was evident when fed under extensive conditions (grass feeding) compared to animals finished with concentrates (3-5 kg/day for the last 3 months before slaughter (Table 2)).…”

Influence of feeding stearidonic acid (18:4n-3)-enriched soybean oil, as compared to conventional soybean oil, on tissue deposition of very long-chain omega-3 fatty acids in meat-type chickens

“…Thus, in the chicken, it is possible that exogenous (dietary) DHA and endogenous (biosynthesized) DHA exist in separate lipid pools in the hepatocyte, with one pool more "transportable" than the other. This would also explain why much greater muscle levels of DHA are attained when DHA is directly supplemented into the broilers' diet as a component of fish oil or algal oil (Leskanich and Noble, 1997;Gonzalez-Esquerra and Leeson, 2000;Rymer and Givens, 2006;Rymer et al, 2011;Ribeiro et al, 2013) as compared to having to be biosynthesized from ALA or SDA in the liver and exported to extra-hepatic tissues. However, it does not explain why more hepatically synthesized DPA than DHA is preferentially deposited into muscle in broilers fed ALA or ALA plus SDA (Tables 5 and 6; Betti et al, 2009;Kitessa and Young, 2009;Kartikasari et al, 2012;Baeza et al, 2013;Haug et al, 2014).…”