Direct Spectrophotometric Determination of Atenolol and Timolol Anti-Hypertensive Drugs

Abstract

Objective: Direct and sensitive spectrophotometric method is described for the quantitative determination of some anti-hypertensive drugs such as atenolol (ATN) and timolol (TIM) in pure forms as well as in their dosage forms. Methods:The proposed method is based on the redox reaction between the selected drugs and KMnO4 in alkaline medium. The method involves treating the aqueous solution of the selected drugs with KMnO4 in alkaline medium and measuring the bluish-green product at 610 nm. The different experimental parameters affecting the development and stability of the color were carefully studied and optimized. Results:The fixed-time method is adopted for constructing the calibration curves, which were found to be linear over the concentration ranges of 2.0-14 µg/ml and 2.0-28 µg/ml for ATN and TIM, respectively. The determination of the studied drugs by initial rate, variable time and rate constant method was workable with the calibration equations obtained but the fixed time method has been found to be more applicable. Conclusion:The applicability of the proposed method was demonstrated by the determination of the selected drugs in both pure and in commercial dosage forms and has met the validation requirements.

Spectrophotometric Determination of Atenolol Using Indigo Carmine Dye

“…A new spectrophotometric method is depend on the charge transfer reaction of ATN with phenol red at pH 3.0 [10], or 2,3-dichloro-5, 6-dicyano-1, 4-benzoquinone (DDQ), 2, 4dinitrophenol (DNP) and 2, 4, 6-trinitrophenol (picric acid; PA) as pi-acceptors to give highly colored radical anion species [11], or redox reaction between ATN and KMnO 4 in alkaline medium [12], or based on the formation of a colored complex between the drug and metal ions like Fe(III) chloride and Cr(III) sulphate. The maximum absorption wavelength is 454 nm for Fe(III)-ATN complex and 594 nm for Cr(III)-ATN complex [13] or losartan poatassium and ATN with ferroin reagent and methyl orange respectively at pH 7.0 [14].…”

Spectrofluorimetric method for atenolol determination based on gold nanoparticles

“…The results are given in Table III. Table IV shows the data obtained by the proposed method compared to reference methods (14,15). Recovery of ATE in Normoten (100 mg ATE) by the proposed method was 100.2 ± 0.3 % (mean ± SD, n = 3).…”

Synthesis and Characterisation of a Monolithic Imprinted Column Using a Methacrylic Acid Monomer with Porogen Propanol for Atenolol Analysis

“…Current atenolol analysis techniques are spectrophotometry [10], electrophoresis [11], and chromatography [12]. In addition, the availability of various columns makes HPLC the most commonly used and acceptable technique for researchers [13].…”