Direct somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from leaf sheath explants of mango ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb.)

Abstract

An efficient and simple procedure was systematically developed for inducing direct somatic embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration from leaf sheath explants of Curcuma amada Roxb. A two-step culture system was used to induce somatic embryogenesis. The optimized procedure resulted in direct somatic embryogenesis from 93.3% explants after 3-wk culture. Leaf sheath explants were incubated for 2 wk on medium containing 2.24 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 1.11 μM 6-benzyladenine to initiate direct somatic embryogenesis. Thereafter, these explants were transferred to a medium containing 9.10 μM thidiazuron and 1.33 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid. Elongated somatic embryos obtained from these cultures germinated readily, and the optimal frequency of plantlet development (86.7%) was achieved when embryos were cultured in darkness on 1/2 strength Murashige and Skoog medium containing 1.44 μM gibberellic acid. Histological and scanning electron microscopic studies showed that the initial cell divisions that led to embryo formation occurred in epidermal and subepidermal cells, followed by the development of globular and elongated structures that appeared to be somatic embryos. The presence of a clear protoderm in the globular structures and procambial strands in the elongated structures confirmed that these structures were true somatic embryos. Plantlets derived from somatic embryos were acclimatized successfully to ex vitro conditions at a survival rate of 87.43% and developed with normal phenotypes.

Indole acetic acid (IAA) producing endophytic bacteria on direct somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration of Exacum travancoricum Bedd.

“…3e). These results indicate direct somatic embryogenesis (Iantcheva et al 1999;Chen and Chang 2006;Dam et al 2010;Soundar Raju et al 2014). SEM shows the appearance of dome like/globular structure on the explants (Fig.…”

Direct and Indirect Somatic Embryogenesis in Mango Ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb.)

“…Tissue culture studies in C. amada have shown mostly adventitious plantlet formation from rhizome and leaf sheath explants (Prakash et al 2004;Das et al 2010;Banerjee et al 2012). This attempt aims to elaborate on somatic embryogenesis in C. amada as studied in our laboratory (Soundar Raju et al 2013, 2014.…”