Direct solid sampling of biological species for the rapid determination of selenium by high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

A modified selective optical sensor for selenium determination based on incorporating xylenol orange in a poly(vinyl chloride) membrane

“…The low concentration of each species to be identied and the intricacy of the matrix are factors in many selenium speciation analysis issues. 12,13 Various instrumental analytical techniques such as atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), [14][15][16][17] atomic uorescence spectroscopy (AFS), 18 hydride generation atomic uorescence spectrometry (HGAFS), 19 electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS), 20 inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), 21 hydride generation system and atomic uorescence spectrometer (HG-AFS), 22 hydride generation atomic uorescence spectrometer (HG-AFS), 23 integrated coupled plasma mass spectroscopy, 24 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), 25,26 spectro-uorimetry, 27,28 and stripping voltammetry 29 were used for the determination of selenium in different water, food, and environmental samples. A comprehensive evaluation of these advanced instrumental approaches includes disadvantages related to these techniques, such as expensive investment costs, signicant electricity consumption during continuous analysis, the requirement for frequent maintenance of these instruments, and laborious analytical methodology.…”

“…39 The advantages of optical sensor methodology have attracted the attention of the scientic community, as they allow the development of low-cost or costcompetitive systems with faster response times and a wider nano-concentration range and low detection and quantication limits compared with conventional technologies, [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][36][37][38][39] in addition to the ability to detect specic oxidation states compared to the AAS and ICP-MS methods. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] The membrane optode matrix is chosen based on analyte permeability, good mechanical properties, plasticizability, affordability, ease of miniaturization and remote sensing, suitability for immobilizing the chromophore and extractant, and minimal sample manipulation. [40][41][42] Polyvinyl chlorides are the most oen utilized polymers in optical sensors.…”

“…38 Furthermore, they are not impacted by electrical noise and do not require internal or external reference devices and extended preconditioning times. 39 The advantages of optical sensor methodology have attracted the attention of the scientific community, as they allow the development of low-cost or cost-competitive systems with faster response times and a wider nano-concentration range and low detection and quantification limits compared with conventional technologies, 14–29,36–39 in addition to the ability to detect specific oxidation states compared to the AAS and ICP-MS methods. 14–26…”

3D Printable Reservoirs for Potentiometric Analysis of Solid Samples

“…The ability to perform analysis on solid samples without laborious sample preparation steps has become a growing interest in many fields over the past decade. 1,2 Forensic specialists are particularly interested in the ability to identify-and quantify-unknown species in complex samples as it has the potential to provide immediate actionable information (e.g., threat identification, cause of death, etc.). 3 Beyond forensics, on-site solid sampling could have a profound impact on mitigating the health risk associated with the global rise in counterfeit pharmaceuticals.…”