Direct Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Operation Using Isooctane

Murray, Erica Perry; Harris, Stephen J.; Liu, Jiang; Barnett, Scott A.

doi:10.1149/1.2192643

Cited by 26 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In the presence of other than H 2 compounds, modified (in terms of alloying Cu with Co) Cu-CeO 2 anodes exhibit maximum current densities of the order of 0.36-0.37 A/cm 2 with CO, synthesis gas or nbutane at temperatures 700-800°C [41,43]. These values are actually higher than those under H 2 and are also comparable with those obtained on isooctane or CH 4 fuel on a Ni-YSZ anode with a 8-10 μm YSZ electrolyte [52,38] and even to H 2 operating Ni-YSZ cells [48] after taking into account the differences in electrolyte thickness. Maximum values for CH 4 fuels are in the range of 0.27-0.33 W/cm 2 for Cu-CeO 2 anodes which are comparable with Ni-YSZ performance after taking into account the electrolyte thickness and the added advantage of the absence of carbon formation [51,14].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Preparation and characterization of copper based cermet anodes for use in solid oxide fuel cells at intermediate temperatures

2009

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Two Cu-based anode cermets suitable for direct hydrocarbon oxidation in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) based on yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte were tested in the temperature range (500-800°C). The ceramic c o m p o n e n t s w e r e C e O 2 a n d t h e p e r o v s k i t e La 0.75 Sr 0.25 Cr 0.5 Mn 0.5 O 3−d (LSCM). The cermets were made in both the form of pellets and films applied onto the YSZ electrolytes. Pellets exhibited good mechanical strength and resistance to fracture in both oxidized and reduced state. Cu-LSCM cermets exhibited good redox cycling behavior between 700-800°C. Reduction temperature plays a significant role on final morphology with Cu segregation occurring at 800°C. Cu-LSCM films were found to exhibit lower polarization resistances than CuCeO 2 under 5% H 2 . Examination of the data revealed a poorer contact of the Cu-CeO 2 electrode with the YSZ surface than the Cu-LSCM electrode. Reduction temperature should be less than 750°C to ensure suitable microstructure and adhesion of both film electrodes with the electrolyte.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Preparation and characterization of copper based cermet anodes for use in solid oxide fuel cells at intermediate temperatures

2009

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“…9 It is a common practice to use mass spectrometry 3,10 or gas chromatography 11 to analyze the outlet gas in an SOFC experiment, which is necessary but far from being sufficient to determine what reactions are actually taking place in the anode.…”

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confidence: 99%

Numerical Study of Heterogeneous Reactions in an SOFC Anode with Oxygen Addition

Hao

Goodwin

2008

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Previous experimental studies have shown that addition of small amounts of oxygen to a hydrocarbon fuel stream can control coking in the anode, while relatively large amounts of oxygen are present in the fuel stream in single-chamber solid oxide fuel cells ͑SOFCs͒. In order to rationally design an anode for such use, it is important to understand the coupled catalytic oxidation/ reforming chemistry and diffusion within the anode under SOFC operating conditions. In this study, the heterogeneous catalytic reactions in the anode of an anode-supported SOFC running on methane fuel with added oxygen are numerically investigated using a model that accounts for catalytic chemistry, porous media transport, and electrochemistry at the anode/electrolyte interface. Using an experimentally validated heterogeneous reaction mechanism for methane partial oxidation and reforming on nickel, we identify three distinct reaction zones at different depths within the anode: a thin outer layer in which oxygen is nearly fully consumed in oxidizing methane and hydrogen, followed by a reforming region, and then a water-gas shift region deep within the anode. Both single-chamber and dual-chamber SOFC anodes are explored. Among the components of a solid oxide fuel cell ͑SOFC͒, the anode presents perhaps the most significant technical barrier to creating an efficient, economic, and environmentally friendly technology that makes better use of readily available fuels.1 Ongoing research has been trying to address these issues by seeking anode materials that possess excellent catalytic, electrochemical, and mechanical properties, and the nickel-zirconia cermet anode is currently the dominant SOFC anode due to its structural stability, small thermal expansion mismatch with popular electrolyte materials, and good catalysis for hydrogen oxidation and steam reforming of hydrocarbon fuels.1 In particular, the anode-supported membraneelectrolyte assembly ͑MEA͒ structure is advantageous for hydrocarbon fuels, because it also serves as a reforming or catalytic partial oxidation catalyst in addition to conducting current.2 However, it is generally impossible to operate nickel-based anodes on higher hydrocarbon-containing fuels, because nickel also catalyzes the formation of carbon filaments ͑i.e., coking͒ from hydrocarbons under reducing conditions, 1 and coking can still occur on Ni catalysts even under thermodynamically noncoking conditions.3 Formation of carbon deposits on Ni particles is responsible for excessively high activation polarization, which leads to the rapid deterioration of cell performance. 4 For example, Zhan et al. reported that the use of iso-octane causes severe coke buildup on the Ni-yttria-stabilized zirconia ͑Ni-YSZ͒ anode and leads to degradation of the anode.3 Various approaches including steam reforming, addition of oxygen to the fuel stream, and incorporation of dopants into the conventional anode material have been tried to mitigate this problem.

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“…CH 4 , natural gas, C 3 H 8 , and C 8 H 18 , had been utilized in SOFC with Ni-cermet anodes (Table 1 ). Mass spectroscopy analysis indicated that C 8 H 18 thermally decomposed into CH 4 and C 2 H 2 over a temperature range of 600 − 775 ° C. [ 138 ] SOFC with Ru − Ni − GDC anodes survived in CH 4 , C 2 H 6 , and C 3 H 8 , and even delivered better performance with dry CH 4 than wet H 2 . [ 139 ] Compared to hydrocarbon fuels, oxygenated fuels such as alcohols and dimethyl ether (DME) are less prone to carbon deposition.…”

Section: Dimethyl Ethermentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anode Materials for Direct Hydrocarbon Utilization

Chan

Liu

et al. 2012

Advanced Energy Materials

274

159

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Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) are highly efficient energy conversion devices with the advantage of directly utilizing hydrocarbon fuels. Starting with a short introduction about the fuel challenges and early achievements in this field, this review paper focuses on advances in oxygen‐ion conducting electrolyte‐based SOFC during the last 15 years. Robust anodes immune to carbon deposition are a prerequisite for direct hydrocarbon SOFC. In this paper, direct hydrocarbon SOFC anode materials are classified into three general categories: Ni‐cermet, Cu‐cermet, and oxide‐based anodes. Oxide anodes are further classified in terms of their crystalline structures, namely fluorite, rutile, tungsten bronze, pyrochlore, perovskite, and double perovskite. Achievements and recent advances on these SOFC anodes are reviewed and discussed. The concluding remarks summarize the pros and cons of direct hydrocarbon SOFC anode materials along with the perspective of future research trends.

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Direct Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Operation Using Isooctane

Cited by 26 publications

References 12 publications

Preparation and characterization of copper based cermet anodes for use in solid oxide fuel cells at intermediate temperatures

Preparation and characterization of copper based cermet anodes for use in solid oxide fuel cells at intermediate temperatures

Numerical Study of Heterogeneous Reactions in an SOFC Anode with Oxygen Addition

Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anode Materials for Direct Hydrocarbon Utilization

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