Direct silanization of zirconia for increased biointegration

Background Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is widely used for the fabrication of removable prostheses. Recently, zirconium oxide nanoparticles (nano-ZrO 2 ) have been added to improve some properties of PMMA, but their effect on the optical properties and tensile strength are neglected. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nano-ZrO 2 addition on the translucency and tensile strength of the PMMA denture base material. Materials and methods Eighty specimens (40 dumbbell-shaped and 40 discs) were prepared out of heat-polymerized acrylic resin and divided into four groups per test (n=10). The control group for each test included unreinforced acrylic, while the test groups were reinforced with 2.5, 5, and 7.5 wt% nano-ZrO 2 . Acrylic resin was mixed according to manufacturer’s instructions, packed, and processed by conventional method. After polymerization, all specimens were finished, polished, and stored in distilled water at 37°C for 48±2 hours. Tensile strength (MPa) was evaluated using the universal testing machine while the specimens’ translucency was examined using a spectrophotometer. Statistical analysis was carried out by SPSS using the paired sample t -test ( p ≤0.05). A scanning electron microscope was used to analyze the morphological changes and topography of the fractured surfaces. Results This study showed that the mean tensile strength of the PMMA in the test groups of 2.5%NZ, 5%NZ, and 7.5%NZ was significantly higher than the control group. The tensile strength increased significantly after nano-ZrO 2 addition, and the maximum increase seen was in the 7.5%NZ group. The translucency values of the experimental groups were significantly lower than those of the control group. Within the reinforced groups, the 2.5%NZ group had significantly higher translucency values when compared to the 5%NZ and 7.5%NZ groups. Conclusion The addition of nano-ZrO 2 increased the tensile strength of the denture base acrylic. The increase was directly proportional to the nano-ZrO 2 concentration. The translucency of the PMMA was reduced as the nano-ZrO 2 increased. Clinical significance Based on the results of the current study, the tensile strength was improved with different percentages of nano-ZrO 2 additions. However, translucency was adversely affected. Therefore, it is important to determine the appropriate amount of reinforcing nano-ZrO 2 that will create a balance between achieved properties – mechanical and optical.

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“…On the other hand, organofunctional groups (X) contain double bond (C=C) that can bond to PMMA. 44,45 Preparation of PMMa/ZrO 2 nanocomposite…”

Section: Silanization Of Nano-zro 2 Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of zirconium oxide nanoparticles addition on the optical and tensile properties of polymethyl methacrylate denture base material

Gad¹,

Abualsaud²,

Rahoma

et al. 2018

IJN

112

119

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“…Silanization was purposeful, but it yielded slightly lower densities of APDMES on the modified surfaces of zirconia than on typical silica substrates; no adverse effect of silanization was found on the mechanical response of the treated samples; the modification techniques only took part on the surface, without creating critical surface defects or anyhow damaging the structure, which is crucial for zirconia low thermal degradation [74] The main disadvantage of this surface modification method is randomly distributed groups of silicon oxides on the ceramic surface, which adsorb water as a hydroxyl group, forming a weak hydrogen bond [69]. It is also possible that other oxides present on ceramic surface absorb or adsorb water.…”

Section: Zirconia (Y-tzp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface modification methods of ceramic filler in ceramic-carbon fibre composites for bioengineering applications – A systematic review

Nakonieczny

Antonowicz

Paszenda

2020

Reviews on Advanced Materials Science

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The present review paper focuses on the current state of the art of the alumina-silicate ceramics and surface modifications of ceramics dedicated as fillers in composites with carbon fiber. The use of aluminum-silicates in the form of a cenosphere due to their outstanding properties, i.e., low density, high hardness, and total chemical inertness seem to be promising in biomaterial engineering applications. First of all, the possibilities of the composites application in orthopedic and prosthetic implantology. The following section discusses problems with the use of aluminum silicate ceramics and their processing. Subsequently, in the paragraphs to follow, the possibilities of modifying the surface with chemical methods are discussed, among others oxidation, chemical methods like ionic liquids etching, silanization, and physical processes i.e., thermal treatment. In the summary, the directions of development of ceramic-carbon fiber composites and the primary deficiencies of these composites on which to focus on and solve are discussed.

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“…[ (3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (TMSPM)] (Shanghai Richem International) was used to treat nano-ZrO2 creating reactive groups on its surface to allow for better adhesion between resin matrix and nano-ZrO2 17,25) . This treatment is done by adding 0.3 g of TMSPM to 100 mL of acetone and 30 g of nano-ZrO 2.…”

Section: Repair Surface Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mixture was stirred with a magnetic stirrer (Cimarec Digital Stirring Hotplates, SP131320-33Q, Thermo Scientific, Shanghai, China) for 60 min, then the solvent was eliminated using a rotary evaporator under vacuum for 30 min at 60°C and 150 rpm. Next, nano-ZrO 2 particles were heated at 120°C for 2 h then cooled to room temperature to get the surface-treated nano-ZrO2 17,25,26) . To prepare PMMA/ ZrO2 nanocomposite, the amount of treated nano-ZrO2 particles were weighted using electronic balance (S-234, Denver instrument, Goettingen, Germany) to be added in concentrations of 2.5, 5, and 7.5 wt% of the autopolymerized acrylic powder (Major repair, Major Prodotti Dentari, Moncalieri, Italy).…”

Section: Repair Surface Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of different surface treatments and repair material reinforcement on the flexural strength of repaired PMMA denture base material

et al. 2020

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This study assessed the impact of surface treatments and repair resin reinforcement with zirconium oxide nano-particles (nano-ZrO2) on flexural strength (FS) of repaired denture base. A total of 320 heat-polymerized acrylic resin specimens were prepared and sectioned creating 2-mm gap. According to repair surface treatment, specimens were distributed into four groups: I) methyl methacrylate (M); II) alumina-blasted (AB); III) AB+silane coupling agent (SC); and IV) AB+methacrylate based composite bonding agent (MA). Groups were subdivided into 4 (n=20) according to nano-ZrO2 concentration (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 wt%). Half the specimens were thermo-cycled before testing. FS was determined by three-point bending test. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison tests, with α=0.05. Alumina-blasting+(SC) or (MA) significantly increased FS of repaired specimens compared to control (p<0.05). All surface-treated specimens combined with nano-ZrO2 reinforced repair resin significantly increased FS.

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Direct silanization of zirconia for increased biointegration

Cited by 47 publications

References 73 publications

Effect of zirconium oxide nanoparticles addition on the optical and tensile properties of polymethyl methacrylate denture base material

Effect of zirconium oxide nanoparticles addition on the optical and tensile properties of polymethyl methacrylate denture base material

Surface modification methods of ceramic filler in ceramic-carbon fibre composites for bioengineering applications – A systematic review

Impact of different surface treatments and repair material reinforcement on the flexural strength of repaired PMMA denture base material

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