“…The analysis time for the reported literature methods varied between 35 and 71 min. In addition, the LOD and LOQ were 0.003-1.40 mg/L and 0.009-4.60 mg/L, respectively [79,[102][103][104][105]. Vieira et al (2007) evaluated BA amount in 35 samples of orange carbonated-based drinks.…”
Section: Biogenic Amine Amount In Soft Drinksmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the literature there are few studies carried out to evaluate BA profile and amount in these drinks. The beverages analyzed in the literature are orange carbonated-based drink [79], non-alcoholic beer [102,103], dairy beverages [104], and milk chocolate [105]. The BA determination methods used in soft drinks is high performance liquid chromatography, supported by UV [79,102,104,105]; FD [102,103] detector.…”
Section: Biogenic Amine Amount In Soft Drinksmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These drinks are made from milk, both fruits/vegetables and animal, to which flavors and other ingredients are added [108]. In the literature, the BA profile of only one sample of dairy beverages [104] and eight samples of chocolate milk [105] was studied. The analyses showed that the BAs detected in the dairy beverages sample were putrescine (3.2 mg/L), histamine (1.9 mg/L), and agmatine (3.1 mg/L) [104].…”
Section: Biogenic Amine Amount In Soft Drinksmentioning
Biogenic amines are ubiquitous bioactive compounds that are synthesized by living organisms and perform essential functions for their metabolism. In the human diet, their excessive intake can cause food poisoning. In food, especially in alcohol-free beverages, biogenic amines can be synthesized by enzymes, naturally present in raw materials, or by microorganisms, which may be naturally present in the matrix or be added during beverage transformation processes. For this reason, in alcohol-free beverages, biogenic amine amount can be considered, above a certain level, as undesired microorganism activity. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the biogenic amine profile of non-alcoholic beverages in order to monitor food quality and safety. Moreover, biogenic amines can be taken into account by industries in order to monitor production processes and products. This review article provides an overview on the biogenic amine profile of alcohol-free beverages (plant milk, nervine drinks, soft drinks, and fruit juices). Furthermore, the clinical and toxicological effects, the biogenic amines legislation, and biogenic amine synthesis have been evaluated in non-alcoholic beverages.
“…The analysis time for the reported literature methods varied between 35 and 71 min. In addition, the LOD and LOQ were 0.003-1.40 mg/L and 0.009-4.60 mg/L, respectively [79,[102][103][104][105]. Vieira et al (2007) evaluated BA amount in 35 samples of orange carbonated-based drinks.…”
Section: Biogenic Amine Amount In Soft Drinksmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the literature there are few studies carried out to evaluate BA profile and amount in these drinks. The beverages analyzed in the literature are orange carbonated-based drink [79], non-alcoholic beer [102,103], dairy beverages [104], and milk chocolate [105]. The BA determination methods used in soft drinks is high performance liquid chromatography, supported by UV [79,102,104,105]; FD [102,103] detector.…”
Section: Biogenic Amine Amount In Soft Drinksmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These drinks are made from milk, both fruits/vegetables and animal, to which flavors and other ingredients are added [108]. In the literature, the BA profile of only one sample of dairy beverages [104] and eight samples of chocolate milk [105] was studied. The analyses showed that the BAs detected in the dairy beverages sample were putrescine (3.2 mg/L), histamine (1.9 mg/L), and agmatine (3.1 mg/L) [104].…”
Section: Biogenic Amine Amount In Soft Drinksmentioning
Biogenic amines are ubiquitous bioactive compounds that are synthesized by living organisms and perform essential functions for their metabolism. In the human diet, their excessive intake can cause food poisoning. In food, especially in alcohol-free beverages, biogenic amines can be synthesized by enzymes, naturally present in raw materials, or by microorganisms, which may be naturally present in the matrix or be added during beverage transformation processes. For this reason, in alcohol-free beverages, biogenic amine amount can be considered, above a certain level, as undesired microorganism activity. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the biogenic amine profile of non-alcoholic beverages in order to monitor food quality and safety. Moreover, biogenic amines can be taken into account by industries in order to monitor production processes and products. This review article provides an overview on the biogenic amine profile of alcohol-free beverages (plant milk, nervine drinks, soft drinks, and fruit juices). Furthermore, the clinical and toxicological effects, the biogenic amines legislation, and biogenic amine synthesis have been evaluated in non-alcoholic beverages.
“…These methods are not used today because they are tedious and require special attention to the procedure details such as sample previous purification. 5,6 The fluorimetric methods described by AOAC 7 have also been used to determine histamine in food. This method is based on histamine extraction with methanol and the subsequent derivatization of the histamine with o-phthalaldehyde (OPA), to produce a fluorescent compound that is determined by a fluorimeter.…”
A simple benzoylation procedure was optimized for the biogenic amines derivatization prior to high-performance liquid chromatography determination. The significant factors affecting biogenic amine benzoylation yield were optimized by central composite design (CCD). The obtained optimal conditions resulted in a chromatographic peaks area increase with fewer interferences. Moreover, the efficiency parameters for chromatographic separation of putrescine, histamine and tyramine were determined under optimum operating conditions, which included: capacity factors or retention (k') = 2.5-4.2, selectivity factors (α) > 1 and resolution values (R s ) > 1.5, indicating that the column provided good separation of the analytes. The optimized method was applied in spiked fish samples with standard solutions of putrescine, histamine and tyramine at concentrations of 50, 80 and 50 mg L -1 , respectively, to achieve recovery rates in a range from 90.89 to 96.65% for putrescine; 93.36 to 95.87% for histamine; 86.57 to 93.33% for tyramine, with the relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 4%.
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