Direct seeding of alfalfa in grain stubble and bromegrass sod

Rioux, R.

doi:10.4141/cjps94-138

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Weed biomass was concentrated in the first harvest and generally decreased in subsequent harvests (data not presented). Rioux (1994) also reported severe weed infestation when alfalfa sod‐seeding followed broadcast application of glyphosate at high rate (2.5 kg a.i. ha −1 ) in a smooth bromegrass–dominated sward; dandelion represented as much as 45% of total biomass in the second harvest of the seeding year.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of Kura Clover No‐Tilled into Grass Pastures with Herbicide Sod Suppression and Nitrogen Fertilization

et al. 2005

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Kura clover is a rhizomatous perennial legume with exceptional persistence under intensive management Sod-seeding legumes into grass-dominated pastures improve forage (Taylor and Smith, 1998). It is also very winter-hardy, productivity and quality. Identical field experiments were established in May 2001-2002 at two sites in Québec and three in Minnesota. Our adapted to a wide range of edaphic conditions, and objective was to compare the establishment in perennial cool-season has high forage quality compared with other perennial grass sods of two sod-seeded cultivars ('Cossack' and 'Endura') of Kura legume species. Relative to alfalfa, at comparable stages clover (Trifolium ambiguum M.B.) against that of red clover (Trifolium of maturity, Kura clover has lower concentrations of pratense L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) using different herneutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and acid bicide sod suppression intensities {paraquat, 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridetergent lignin, and higher crude protein and in vitro dinium (0.9 kg a.i. ha Ϫ1 ) and glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glydigestibility (Allinson et al., 1985; Seguin et al., 2002). cine] (0.8 or 3.3 kg a.i. ha Ϫ1 )}, without or with N fertilization (110 Establishment problems have limited the widespread kg N ha Ϫ1 ). Establishment year plant density and dry matter (DM) use of Kura clover. These are related in part to Kura production of both Kura clover cultivars were similar (avg. 90 plants clover's propensity to devote most of its fixed C to m Ϫ2 , 390 kg DM ha Ϫ1 ), but were generally inferior to white clover (avg. 110 plants m Ϫ2 , 740 kg DM ha Ϫ1 ) and red clover (avg. 170 plants roots and rhizomes during establishment and to its slow m Ϫ2 , 1450 kg DM ha Ϫ1 ). Paraquat did not sufficiently suppress the nodulation and limited N 2 fixation in the seeding year sod, resulting in lower legume populations and yields than glyphosate. (Peterson et al., 1994; Seguin et al., 2001). Sod suppression using glyphosate, however, led to heavy seeding-yearWith its slow establishment but high persistence, Kura weed infestation at two of three sites in Minnesota (avg. 2.2 Mg clover is best suited for permanent pastures. Permanent weed DM ha Ϫ1 ). Sod-seeded Kura clover successfully established with pastures are often located on marginal land with soils glyphosate; however, its contribution to forage production in the sodhard to till, and often contain at least some desirable seeding year remained minimal (Ͻ0.5 Mg ha Ϫ1 at four of five sites).perennial grass species. Legume sod-seeding is a pre- Effects of N fertilization varied with species and herbicides; effects onferred renovation technique for these pastures. In these Kura clover were inconsistent but rarely detrimental, while increasing situations, the resident vegetation can be suppressed by total forage yields by an average of 40%. It is thus possible to establish Kura clover via sod-seeding; however, its productivity in the seeding herbicide before no-till drilling to reduce competition year remains...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of Kura Clover No‐Tilled into Grass Pastures with Herbicide Sod Suppression and Nitrogen Fertilization

et al. 2005

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“…In spring wheat in clay soil in northern Alberta, higher densities of T. officinale were found under zero tillage systems than under other systems (Arshad et al 1994). In eastern Canada, density was higher in alfalfa that had been seeded directly into grain stubble, as compared to conventionally-seeded alfalfa (Rioux 1994). In sweet corn, T. officinale emergence was not affected by tillage, probably because of the short time between seed dispersal and germination (Mohler and Calloway 1992).…”

Section: Response To Other Human Manipulationsmentioning

confidence: 90%

The biology of Canadian weeds. 117. Taraxacum officinale G. H. Weber ex Wiggers

Stewart-Wade¹,

Neumann²,

Collins³

et al. 2002

Can. J. Plant Sci.

138

111

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is a perennial weed occurring in parks, gardens, pastures, orchards, roadsides, vegetable gardens, agricultural crops and horticultural crops. A common weed worldwide, it was originally introduced from Eurasia and now occurs in every province of Canada. It is an aesthetic problem during flowering and seed production, interrupting turfgrass uniformity and density; it reduces yields of agricultural crops; it causes slower drying of hay; its pollen is allergenic; and it acts as an alternative host for several pests and diseases. A number of herbicides are available for its control. Mechanical removal of T. officinale plants has limited success, due to the regenerative capacity of the long taproot. Insects, fungi, sheep and geese have been considered as biological control agents for dandelion.

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“…However, the presence of weeds due to reduced weed management did not result in reduced forage quality (Lemieux et al 1987a). Rioux (1994) also showed that dandelion growth increased and alfalfa growth was reduced with delayed establishment in NT compared with conventional tillage practices. Lemieux et al (1987a) suggested that dicots had more impact than monocots on the yield of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and timothy-clover mixtures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…On the other hand, the red clover yield advantage with NT compared with other tillage practices in 1994 and the absence of tillage effects in other years would indicate that successful establishment and growth of red clover is possible with all tillage systems under a range of environmental conditions. Other studies also showed that forage legumes can be successfully established and high production levels maintained with reduced tillage intensity and NT (Leroux and Harvey 1980;Allen and Entz 1994;Rioux 1994). Still, improved seeding techniques may be required in conservation tillage systems to reduce the potential risk of poor red clover establishment and productivity under certain conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, establishment and yield of no-till alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) were improved compared with alfalfa sown with preseeding tillage (Allen and Entz 1994). Rioux (1994) showed that alfalfa yields were similar among tillage systems in the first production year, in spite of the fact that alfalfa development was delayed and dry matter yield was lower with no-till than with conventional tillage in the establishment year.…”

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Tillage and weed management effects on forage production in a barley-red clover rotation

Légère¹,

Stevenson²,

Samson³

2001

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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N. 2001. Tillage and weed management effects on forage production in a barleyred clover rotation. Can. J. Plant Sci. 81: 405-412. Tillage and weed management practices used during the establishment year can likely affect forage yield during the subsequent production year(s). This study was conducted as part of a long-term experiment to determine the suitability of conservation tillage practices for red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) production on a Kamouraska clay from 1988 to 1995. Red clover was underseeded with spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in cropping systems including different tillage (MP: fall moldboard plow; CP: fall chisel plow; NT: no-till) and weed management (intensive, moderate, minimum) treatments applied during the establishment year. Red clover dry matter yields and weed biomass were measured twice in the subsequent forage production year. Tillage had no effect on red clover yields in 3 out of 7 yr. Yields were 16% greater with NT in 1 yr and 52% with MP tillage in 3 yr compared with other tillage treatments. Weed response to tillage was consistent over years. Dicot weed biomass increased as tillage intensity was reduced. Monocot biomass was much less with NT than with MP or CP treatments. Red clover yield was 11% greater with intensive weed management, but this yield increase was not associated with differences in dicot or monocot biomass during the forage production year. Red clover yield gain with intensive weed management would need to be weighed against economical and environmental costs to determine the relevance of increased herbicide use in a short-term cereal/forage rotation.

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Direct seeding of alfalfa in grain stubble and bromegrass sod

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

Establishment of Kura Clover No‐Tilled into Grass Pastures with Herbicide Sod Suppression and Nitrogen Fertilization

Establishment of Kura Clover No‐Tilled into Grass Pastures with Herbicide Sod Suppression and Nitrogen Fertilization

The biology of Canadian weeds. 117. Taraxacum officinale G. H. Weber ex Wiggers

Tillage and weed management effects on forage production in a barley-red clover rotation

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