Direct seeding and planting of balsam fir in northern Wisconsin /

Abstract

in cooperation with the University of Minnesota.

Direct seeding of conifers in the lake states : a review of past trials /

“…The best results of all the balsam fir seeding trials known were obtained on screened spots that had been fall-sown on a swamp margin site -90 percent stocking and a tree percent of 11 after 10 years. High early stocking also occurred in another seeding on sphagnum moss in a swamp, but after the fourth year all the trees died from moss smothering or from drowning ( Stoeckeler and Skilling, 1959).…”

“…-10- In Wisconsin, spotting stratified seed in furrows proved a failure because of the eventual suppression of the seedlings by sod in the furrow bottoms (Stoeckeler and Skilling, 1959). This factor was also most important in a similar seeding on the Kawishiwi Experimental Forest.…”

“…Seed spots made in a hardwood opening ( spring and fall seeding, both screened and unscreened ) and under sprayed brush ( fall seeding, screened and unscreened ) had fair initial stocking but eventually failed, the former after 11 years, the latter after 4 years ( Stoeckeler and Skilling, 1959).…”

“…Of two broadcast seedings, one was springsown with less than Vz pound of seed per acre on disked sod in a very light hardwood stand on the Nicolet National Forest; the other was snow-seeded in November with 2 pounds per acre on a disking under poor-quality hardwoods ( 70 square feet of basal area ) on the Chippewa National Forest. The spring sowing had a fair initial stand ( 1,130 seedlings per acre ) but was down to only 50 per acre by the second fall ( Stoeckeler and Skilling, 1959 ).…”