“…However, patients with highgrade spondylolisthesis are not candidates for direct repair. Following Kimura's initial introduction of the direct repair technique, screw [2,11,12,21,23,25,30,31], wire [3,9,13,20], hook-screw [1,10,18], rod-screw [8], and plate [16] fixation and some variations [14] were used to stabilize the repaired defects. These techniques allow the patients up as soon as possible postoperatively, but reoperation is required to remove the internal fixation device.…”