Direct Relationship between Elevated Free Testosterone and Insulin Resistance in Hyperprolactinemic Women

Kim, Seong Yeon; Sung, Youngchul; Ko, Kyung Soo; Cho, Bo Youn; Lee, Hong Kyu; Koh, Chang Soon; Min, Hun Ki

doi:10.3904/kjim.1993.8.1.8

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…There was a statistically significant but weak positive association between prolactin and testosterone levels in this cohort of pregnant women which is consistent with the well-known fact that hyperprolactinemia is associated with elevated free testosterone levels in women [ 27 , 28 ]. In pregnant women, the prolactin level is high; hence this finding may not be surprising.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Impact of Serum Prolactin and Testosterone Levels on the Clinical Parameters of Dry Eye in Pregnant Women

Kyei

Ephraim

Animful

et al. 2020

Journal of Ophthalmology

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Purpose. To explore the relationship between serum prolactin, testosterone level, and tear film parameters. The potential impact of these hormones on the health of the ocular surface in pregnant women was evaluated. Methods. This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study in which ocular symptoms (Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI)), tear function (fluorescein tear breakup time, Schirmer’s test 1), corneal and conjunctival staining, meibomian gland (MG) expressibility, and quality of secretion were measured. Lid margin findings including lid notching, thickness, and lid margin telangiectasia were also recorded. Venous blood was collected and the serum concentrations of prolactin and testosterone were determined using ELISA kits. Correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine predictors of dry eye symptoms and signs. Results. A total of 160 pregnant women participated in the study and their mean age was 30.1 ± 4.6 years (range 18–42 years). The correlation analysis indicated that testosterone concentration did not significantly correlate with any of the clinical parameters hence it was not included in the linear regression analysis. However, prolactin serum concentration correlated significantly with Schirmer’s test 1. Multiple linear regression was done to predict participants’ Schirmer’s test 1 score based upon their ocular surface staining score (oxford grading scale), meibomian gland expressibility, meibomian secretion quality, and serum concentration of prolactin. Only predictors that significantly correlated with Schirmer’s test 1 in the correlation analysis were included in the linear regression analysis. A significant regression equation was obtained (F (2, 157) = 5.119, p=0.007) with an R square of 0.05. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that concentration of prolactin (ß coefficient = 0.032, p=0.044) and meibomian gland expressibility scores (ß coefficient = 2.14, p=0.016) were associated with Schirmer’s test 1 scores when adjusted for duration of pregnancy. Conclusion. The study showed that increased serum prolactin levels have a weak but positive impact on Schirmer’s test 1 scores whilst serum testosterone level has no association with the clinical parameters of dry eye in pregnant women.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Impact of Serum Prolactin and Testosterone Levels on the Clinical Parameters of Dry Eye in Pregnant Women

Kyei

Ephraim

Animful

et al. 2020

Journal of Ophthalmology

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“…PRL has been found to induce glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in several species [5–12]. A new adipocyte‐secreted peptide, resistin, was recently identified [1,2].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies indicate that prolactin (PRL) is a diabetogenic hormone and hyperprolactinemia induces glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance in both human patients and rodents [5–12]. The PRL receptor (PRLR) is a member of the cytokine receptor superfamily and it mediates the effects of PRL on its target tissues [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased resistin expression in the adipose tissue of male prolactin transgenic mice and in male mice with elevated androgen levels

et al. 2001

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The aim of this study was to investigate the regulation of resistin, a recently identified adipocyte-secreted peptide, in the adipose tissue of prolactin (PRL)-transgenic (tg) mice using ribonuclease protection assay. The level of resistin mRNA increased 3.5-fold in the adipose tissue of untreated male PRLtg mice compared to controls. However, there was no difference in resistin expression in the adipose tissue of female PRL-tg mice compared to control mice. PRL-tg male mice have elevated serum testosterone levels and we therefore analyzed the effects of testosterone alone on resistin mRNA expression. Furthermore, the effects of elevated androgen levels on PRL receptor (PRLR) mRNA expression in the adipose tissue were investigated. Resistin mRNA increased 2.6-fold in the adipose tissue of control male mice with elevated serum androgen levels. In addition, PRLR mRNA expression was increased in the adipose tissue of male mice with elevated testosterone. These results suggest testosterone to be a regulator of resistin and PRLR mRNA expression in the adipose tissue of male mice. ß

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“…In rats and humans, PRL increases β-cell proliferation, insulin gene transcription and glucose-dependent insulin secretion [73,74,75,76]. In men and women with chronic hyperprolactinemia, post-prandial hyperinsulinemia and exaggerated insulin secretory response to glucose have been demonstrated [77,78,79]. Interestingly, pancreatic β cells also express dopamine receptors and treatment with the selective D 2 R agonist quinpirole causes the inhibition of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion [80].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cabergoline on Metabolism in Prolactinomas

Auriemma¹,

Granieri²,

Galdiero³

et al. 2013

Neuroendocrinology

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Introduction: Hyperprolactinemia has been implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity and glucose intolerance and is reportedly associated with an impaired metabolic profile. The current study aimed at investigating the effects of 12- and 60-month treatment with cabergoline (CAB) on metabolic syndrome (MetS) in patients with prolactinomas. Patients and Methods: 61 patients with prolactinomas (13 men, 48 women, 41 with microadenoma, 20 with macroadenoma), aged 34.4 ± 10.3 years, entered the study. In all patients, prolactin (PRL) and metabolic parameters were assessed at diagnosis and after 12 and 60 months of continuous CAB treatment. MetS was diagnosed according to NCEP-ATP III criteria. Results: Compared to baseline, CAB induced a significant decrease in PRL with complete normalization in 93% of patients after the 60-month treatment. At baseline, MetS prevalence was significantly higher in patients with PRL above (34.5%) than in those with PRL lower (12.5%) than the median (129 μg/l, p = 0.03). MetS prevalence significantly decreased after 12 (11.5%, p = 0.039) and 60 (5.0%, p = 0.001) months compared to baseline (28.0%). At both evaluations the lipid profile significantly improved compared to baseline. Fasting insulin and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance significantly decreased after 1 year of CAB (p = 0.012 and p = 0.002, respectively) and further improved after 60 months (p = 0.000). The visceral adiposity index significantly decreased after the 60-month treatment (p = 0.000) compared to baseline. At the 5-year evaluation CAB dose was the best predictor of percent decrease in fasting insulin (t = 2.35, p = 0.022). Conclusions: CAB significantly reduces MetS prevalence and improves the adipose tissue dysfunction index. The improvement in PRL, insulin sensitivity and other metabolic parameters might reflect the direct effect of CAB.

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Direct Relationship between Elevated Free Testosterone and Insulin Resistance in Hyperprolactinemic Women

Cited by 16 publications

References 29 publications

Impact of Serum Prolactin and Testosterone Levels on the Clinical Parameters of Dry Eye in Pregnant Women

Impact of Serum Prolactin and Testosterone Levels on the Clinical Parameters of Dry Eye in Pregnant Women

Increased resistin expression in the adipose tissue of male prolactin transgenic mice and in male mice with elevated androgen levels

Effect of Cabergoline on Metabolism in Prolactinomas

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