Direct regeneration of waste LiFePO4 cathode materials with a solid-phase method promoted by activated CNTs

Li, Song; Qi, Cai; Wang, Shuhan; Zhu, Xukun; Zhang, Tong; Jin, Yachao; Zhang, Mingdao

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2022.12.002

Cited by 29 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The diffraction peaks at 18.139°and 38.524°correspond to the (111) and (222) planes of Fe 3 O 4 (JCPDS 37−1432), respectively. 23 The diffraction peak at 31.249°corresponds to the (420) crystal plane of P 2 O 5 (JCPDS 23−1301). 24 This is due to the decomposition of some LiFePO 4 after multiple cycles.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Highly Efficient Additive for Direct Reactivation of Waste LiFePO₄ with Practical Electrochemical Performance

Gou,

Zhang,

Liu

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

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Recovering the electrochemical performance of waste lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) directly under unbroken conditions has become a research topic of great concern. However, there are still severe challenges for the current solid-phase approach in regenerating waste LiFePO4 with unsatisfactory battery performance. Herein, we propose a highly efficient additive of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to dramatically facilitate the regenerated effect of waste LiFePO4 by a simple mechanical ball milling and calcination process. The microstructures and electrochemical performance of regenerated LiFePO4 were completely repaired. Expectedly, in comparison with new LiFePO4, the battery with regenerated LiFePO4 shows a totally recovered performance of 156 mAh/g at 0.05 C. Such capacity can be strongly maintained at 145 mAh/g even discharged 1 C and a high retention rate of 84.14% after 600. The findings show that the PVP as a dispersant not only can effectively prevent the agglomeration of LiFePO4 particles but also can be used as carbon and nitrogen sources to form the nitrogen-doped carbon capping on the surface of LiFePO4. This work provides a promising route to significantly enhance the electrochemical performance of regenerated LiFePO4 and also highlights the feasibility of a direct regeneration approach for the waste LiFePO4.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Highly Efficient Additive for Direct Reactivation of Waste LiFePO₄ with Practical Electrochemical Performance

Gou,

Zhang,

Liu

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

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“…Modification is an effective repair method to improve the interface properties and structural stability of spent LFP material. ,, It usually enhances the electrochemical performances by carbon coating or ion doping. LFP material has low electrical conductivity (10 –9 –10 –10 cm 2 /s), so commercial LFP material is modified by carbon coating.…”

Section: Spent Lfp Battery Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mixture was calcined first at 350 °C for 5 h and then at 650 °C for 10 h. The discharge capacity of repaired LFP material reaches 146 mAh g –1 at 0.2 C (Figure h,i). Similarly, Song et al added 15 wt % glucose and 5 wt % Li 2 CO 3 to spent LFP materials, followed by ball milling. After drying, the mixture was heated at 350 °C for 2 h and then at 650 °C for 12 h. The discharge capacity of repaired LFP material is 147.7 mAh g –1 at 0.2 C. Apart from carbon coating, ion doping is another effective way for improving electrochemical performances of spent LFP material.…”

Section: Spent Lfp Battery Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Technology for Recycling and Regenerating Materials from Spent Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery

Lei,

Sun,

Yang

2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery has been widely used in electric vehicles and energy storage for its good cyclicity, high level of safety, and low cost. The massive application of LFP battery generates a large number of spent batteries. Recycling and regenerating materials from spent LFP batteries has been of great concern because it can significantly recover valuable metals and protect the environment. This paper aims to critically assess the latest technical information available on the echelon utilization and recycling of spent LFP batteries. First, it focuses on the progress of disassembly, evaluation and detection, regrouping, and application in echelon utilization. Then, the recycling technologies, including pretreatment, direct repair, and material regeneration, of spent LFPs are summarized. Finally, the paper proposes some challenges in the echelon utilization and recycling of spent LFP batteries, and concludes with recommendations for an intelligent, refined, and clean LFP battery circulation system that are required to ensure the sustainable development of spent LFP battery recycling.

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“…Advances in electric vehicles and renewable grid energy storage systems have promoted the thriving of lithium-ion battery (LIB) industry. – In particular, the production of LIBs for electric vehicles could increase from 0.33 to 4 million tons between 2015 and 2040. – LiFePO 4 (LFP) has a huge lithium-ion battery market share owing to its safety, environmental protection, and low cost . Millions of LFP are nearing their service life and must be disposed of properly on reaching end-of-life. – There have been many research studies conducted on the recycling of spent LIBs. , However, due to the inexpensive production of LFP batteries, traditional metallurgical technologies are uneconomic for spent LiFePO 4 (SLFP) regeneration. – The direct regeneration method prevents complicated separation processes and makes full use of battery elements, which is considered as a promising recycling scheme. , However, the direct regeneration method is only suitable for materials that are slightly degraded. , In addition, direct regeneration methods cannot remove coating carbon, conductive carbon, and decomposed carbon in polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) when separating the SLFP and the aluminum foil, resulting in unsatisfactory performance of recycled materials. Therefore, it is necessary to explore suitable methods to improve the performance of deteriorated batteries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17,18 However, the direct regeneration method is only suitable for materials that are slightly degraded. 19,20 In addition, direct regeneration methods cannot remove coating carbon, conductive carbon, and decomposed carbon in polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) when separating the SLFP and the aluminum foil, resulting in unsatisfactory performance of recycled materials. Therefore, it is necessary to explore suitable methods to improve the performance of deteriorated batteries.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction of a Preoxidation and Cation Doping Regeneration Strategy to Improve Rate Performance Recycling Spent LiFePO₄ Materials

Li,

Ge,

Zhou

et al. 2023

Langmuir

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Efficient recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is significant for solving environmental problems and promoting resource conservation. Economical recycling of LiFePO 4 (LFP) batteries is extremely challenging due to the inexpensive production of LFP. Herein, we report a preoxidation combine with cation doping regeneration strategy to regenerate spent LiFePO 4 (SLFP) with severely deteriorated. The binder, conductive agent, and residual carbon in SLFP are effectively removed through preoxidation treatment, which lays the foundation for the uniform and stable regeneration of LFP. Mg 2+ doping is adopted to promote the diffusion efficiency of lithium ions, reduces the charge-transfer impedance, and further improves the electrochemical performance of the regenerated LFP. The discharge capacity of SLFP with severe deterioration recovers successfully from 43.2 to 136.9 mA h g −1 at 0.5 C. Compared with traditional methods, this technology is simple, economical, and environment-friendly. It provided an efficient way for recycling SLFP materials.

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Direct regeneration of waste LiFePO4 cathode materials with a solid-phase method promoted by activated CNTs

Cited by 29 publications

References 34 publications

A Highly Efficient Additive for Direct Reactivation of Waste LiFePO₄ with Practical Electrochemical Performance

A Highly Efficient Additive for Direct Reactivation of Waste LiFePO₄ with Practical Electrochemical Performance

Comprehensive Technology for Recycling and Regenerating Materials from Spent Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery

Construction of a Preoxidation and Cation Doping Regeneration Strategy to Improve Rate Performance Recycling Spent LiFePO₄ Materials

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Direct regeneration of waste LiFePO4 cathode materials with a solid-phase method promoted by activated CNTs

Cited by 29 publications

References 34 publications

A Highly Efficient Additive for Direct Reactivation of Waste LiFePO4 with Practical Electrochemical Performance

A Highly Efficient Additive for Direct Reactivation of Waste LiFePO4 with Practical Electrochemical Performance

Comprehensive Technology for Recycling and Regenerating Materials from Spent Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery

Construction of a Preoxidation and Cation Doping Regeneration Strategy to Improve Rate Performance Recycling Spent LiFePO4 Materials

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A Highly Efficient Additive for Direct Reactivation of Waste LiFePO₄ with Practical Electrochemical Performance

A Highly Efficient Additive for Direct Reactivation of Waste LiFePO₄ with Practical Electrochemical Performance

Construction of a Preoxidation and Cation Doping Regeneration Strategy to Improve Rate Performance Recycling Spent LiFePO₄ Materials