Direct radiative effects of sea salt for the Mediterranean region under conditions of low to moderate wind speeds

Lundgren, Kristina; Vogel, Bernhard; Vogel, H.; Kottmeier, C.

doi:10.1029/2012jd018629

Cited by 40 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 81 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Figure 15a and b) indicates that PMA period is characterised by moderate TOA DRE (mean of −8 ± 3 W m −2 ) and BOA DRE (mean of −11 ± 4 W m −2 ). Such estimates at Ersa station are found to be consistent with direct SW effects of sea salt documented by Lundgren et al (2013), who used the COSMO-ART model over the Mediterranean Basin and reported a SW DRE from −5 to −10 W m −2 at the surface and an AOD between 0.1 and 0.2 (at 550 nm).…”

Section: Pma Physical Properties In Comparison With Dust and Bbp Periodssupporting

confidence: 72%

Optical, physical and chemical properties of aerosols transported to a coastal site in the western Mediterranean: a focus on primary marine aerosols

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. As part of the ChArMEx-ADRIMED campaign (summer 2013), ground-based in situ observations were conducted at the Ersa site (northern tip of Corsica; 533 m a.s.l.) to characterise the optical, physical and chemical properties of aerosols. During the observation period, a major influence of primary marine aerosols was detected (22-26 June), with a mass concentration reaching up to 6.5 µg m −3 and representing more than 40 % of the total PM 10 mass concentration. Its relatively low ratio of chloride to sodium (average of 0.57) indicates a fairly aged sea salt aerosol at Ersa. In this work, an original data set, obtained from online real-time instruments (ATOFMS, PILS-IC) has been used to characterise the ageing of primary marine aerosols (PMAs). During this PMA period, the mixing of fresh and aged PMAs was found to originate from both local and regional (Gulf of Lion) emissions, according to local wind measurements and FLEXPART back trajectories. Two different aerosol regimes have been identified: a dust outbreak (dust) originating from Algeria/Tunisia, and a pollution period with aerosols originating from eastern Europe, which includes anthropogenic and biomass burning sources (BBP). The optical, physical and chemical properties of the observed aerosols, as well as their local shortwave (SW) direct radiative effect (DRE) in clear-sky conditions, are compared for these three periods in order to assess the importance of the direct radiative impact of PMAs compared to other sources above the western Mediterranean Basin.As expected, AERONET retrievals indicate a relatively low local SW DRF during the PMA period with mean values of −11 ± 4 at the surface and −8 ± 3 W m −2 at the top of the atmosphere (TOA). In comparison, our results indicate that the dust outbreak observed at our site during the campaign, although of moderate intensity (AOD of 0.3-0.4 at 440 nm and column-integrated SSA of 0.90-0.95), induced a local instantaneous SW DRF that is nearly 3 times the effect calculated during the PMA period, with maximum values up to −40 W m −2 at the surface. A similar range of values were found for the BBP period to those during the dust period (SW DRF at the surface and TOA of −23 ± 6 and −15 ± 4 W m −2 respectively).The multiple sources of measurements at Ersa allowed the detection of a PMA-dominant period and their characterisation in terms of ageing, origin, transport, optical and physical properties and direct climatic impact.

show abstract

Section: Pma Physical Properties In Comparison With Dust and Bbp Periodssupporting

confidence: 72%

Optical, physical and chemical properties of aerosols transported to a coastal site in the western Mediterranean: a focus on primary marine aerosols

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The type of areas examined regarding wood burning impacts on air quality may range from a specific residential area or a suburb (Hellen et al, 2008 andYli-Tuomi et al, 2015) to a large city such as London (Fuller et al, 2014;Young et al, 2015) and to a regional level, such as Flanders, Belgium (Maenhaut et al, 2012). They all agree on a substantial contribution of RWB to PM mass, even when the use is for secondary heating.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Changes in domestic heating fuel use in Greece: effects on atmospheric chemistry and radiation

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. For the past 8 years, Greece has been experiencing a major financial crisis which, among other side effects, has led to a shift in the fuel used for residential heating from fossil fuel towards biofuels, primarily wood. This study simulates the fate of the residential wood burning aerosol plume (RWB smog) and the implications on atmospheric chemistry and radiation, with the support of detailed aerosol characterization from measurements during the winter of 2013-2014 in Athens. The applied model system (TNO-MACC_II emissions and COSMO-ART model) and configuration used reproduces the measured frequent nighttime aerosol spikes (hourly PM 10 > 75 µg m −3 ) and their chemical profile (carbonaceous components and ratios). Updated temporal and chemical RWB emission profiles, derived from measurements, were used, while the level of the model performance was tested for different heating demand (HD) conditions, resulting in better agreement with measurements for T min < 9 • C. Half of the aerosol mass over the Athens basin is organic in the submicron range, of which 80 % corresponds to RWB (average values during the smog period). Although organic particles are important light scatterers, the direct radiative cooling of the aerosol plume during wintertime is found low (monthly average forcing of -0.4 W m −2 at the surface), followed by a minor feedback to the concentration levels of aerosol species. The low radiative cooling of a period with such intense air pollution conditions is attributed to the timing of the smog plume appearance, both directly (longwave radiation increases during nighttime) and indirectly (the mild effect of the residual plume on solar radiation during the next day, due to removal and dispersion processes).

show abstract

“…The fluxes and composition of the smallest particles are especially uncertain. In addition to direct radiative effects (Lundgren et al, 2012), sea-salt aerosols may feedback on meteorology by acting as CCNs, their activity being dependent on the organic fraction contributed by phytoplankton (Ovadnevaite et al, 2011). In addition, phytoplankton is a source of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and a minor source of isoprene (Guenther et al, 1995;Gantt et al, 2010;Meskhidze et al, 2011).…”

Section: Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Online coupled regional meteorology chemistry models in Europe: current status and prospects

et al. 2014

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. A. Baklanov et al.: Online coupled regional meteorology chemistry models in EuropeAbstract. Online coupled mesoscale meteorology atmospheric chemistry models have undergone a rapid evolution in recent years. Although mainly developed by the air quality modelling community, these models are also of interest for numerical weather prediction and regional climate modelling as they can consider not only the effects of meteorology on air quality, but also the potentially important effects of atmospheric composition on weather. Two ways of online coupling can be distinguished: online integrated and online access coupling. Online integrated models simulate meteorology and chemistry over the same grid in one model using one main time step for integration. Online access models use independent meteorology and chemistry modules that might even have different grids, but exchange meteorology and chemistry data on a regular and frequent basis. This article offers a comprehensive review of the current research status of online coupled meteorology and atmospheric chemistry modelling within Europe. Eighteen regional online coupled models developed or being used in Europe are described and compared. Topics discussed include a survey of processes relevant to the interactions between atmospheric physics, dynamics and composition; a brief overview of existing online mesoscale models and European model developments; an analysis on how feedback processes are treated in these models; numerical issues associated with coupled models; and several case studies and model performance evaluation methods. Finally, this article highlights selected scientific issues and emerging challenges that require proper consideration to improve the reliability and usability of these models for the three scientific communities: air quality, numerical meteorology modelling (including weather prediction) and climate modelling. This review will be of particular interest to model developers and users in all three fields as it presents a synthesis of scientific progress and provides recommendations for future research directions and priorities in the development, application and evaluation of online coupled models.

show abstract

Direct radiative effects of sea salt for the Mediterranean region under conditions of low to moderate wind speeds

Cited by 40 publications

References 81 publications

Optical, physical and chemical properties of aerosols transported to a coastal site in the western Mediterranean: a focus on primary marine aerosols

Optical, physical and chemical properties of aerosols transported to a coastal site in the western Mediterranean: a focus on primary marine aerosols

Changes in domestic heating fuel use in Greece: effects on atmospheric chemistry and radiation

Online coupled regional meteorology chemistry models in Europe: current status and prospects

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About