Direct radiative effects of airborne microplastics

Revell, Laura E.; Kuma, Peter; Ru, Eric C. Le; Somerville, Walter R. C.; Gaw, Sally

doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03864-x

Cited by 165 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…We identified that only 10% of the microplastics were <100 µm while findings in the Arctic reported 98% of particles were <100 µm (Bergmann et al, 2019). While fibres were present across all size ranges found, the only fragments found were smaller than 1000 µm, consistent with previous studies (Revell et al (2021) and references therein).…”

Section: Microplastic Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 90%

First evidence of microplastics in Antarctic snow

Aves

Gaw

Ruffell

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Abstract. In recent years, airborne microplastics have been identified in a range of remote environments. However, data throughout the Southern Hemisphere, in particular Antarctica, are largely absent to date. We collected snow samples from 19 sites across the Ross Island region of Antarctica. Suspected microplastic particles were isolated and their composition confirmed using micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (μFTIR).We identified microplastics in all Antarctic snow samples at an average concentration of 29 particles L−1, with fibres the most common morphotype and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) the most common polymer. To investigate sources, backward air mass trajectories were run from the time of sampling. These indicate potential long-range transportation of up to 6000 kilometers, assuming a residence time of 6.5 days. Local sources were also identified as potential inputs into the environment, as the polymers identified were consistent with those used in clothing and equipment from nearby research stations. This study adds to the growing body of literature regarding microplastics as a ubiquitous airborne pollutant, and establishes their presence in Antarctica.

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Section: Microplastic Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 90%

First evidence of microplastics in Antarctic snow

Aves

Gaw

Ruffell

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…1), the widespread application of BHPFcontaining plastics is a growing public health concern, with rising fears that certain BHPF releasing sources might be already dwelled inside human body. Microplastic (MP) particles that are plastic pieces with length smaller than 5 millimeters (mm), and nanoplastic (NP) particles defined as plastic pieces with less than 100 nanometer in size, have been reported to exist widely in various environmental media and food chain 14,57 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The extensive application of plastics is causing potential public health concern with possible deleterious impacts on living organisms [11][12][13][14] . Bisphenol A (BPA), as a major plastic material additive, has been widely applied in the synthesis of polymer materials, many of which are commonly used in food containers, such as milk and beverage bottles, water cups, and food packaging 15,16 .…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

YTHDF2-mediated Distinct m6A Regulations Bifurcate Ferroptosis and Apoptosis in BHPF-induced Developmental Defects

Hsu

Lin

Zhan

et al. 2022

Preprint

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N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a critical regulator of RNA fate, but whether and how m6A executes its functions in different tissues remain largely obscure. Here we report YTHDF2 downregulation leading to various forms of tissue-specific programmed cell deaths (PCDs) upon fluorene-9-bisphenol (BHPF) exposure. Currently, bisphenol A (BPA) substitutes have been widely used in plastic manufacturing. Interrogating eight common BPA substitutes, we detected BHPF in 14% serum samples of pregnant women participants. In a zebrafish model, BHPF caused tissue-specific PCDs triggering cardiac and vascular developmental defects. Mechanistically, BHPF-mediated downregulation of YTHDF2 reduced YTHDF2-facilitated translation of m6A-gch1 for cardiomyocyte ferroptosis, and decreased YTHDF2-mediated m6A-sting1 decay for caudal vein plexus (CVP) apoptosis. Both YTHDF2-mediated distinct m6A regulations and context-dependent co-expression patterns of gch1/ythdf2 and tnfrsf1a/ythdf2 contributed to YTHDF2-mediated tissue-specific PCDs. Collectively, our findings demonstrate clear toxicity of BHPF during cardiovascular development via disrupting m6A/YTHDF2 regulatory axis and uncover a new layer of PCD regulation.

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“…Differences in the sensitivity of the different aerosol types were explained by their relative efficiency to absorption and scattering of solar radiation at different spectral regions. Revel et al [35] point out that uncertainties in the geographical and vertical distribution of microplastics in the atmosphere contribute significantly in the estimation of their radiative effects. Microplastics can travel to very long distances from their sources and have been detected at very high altitudes, of the order of 3 km, in the atmosphere [36,37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect Of The Aerosol Vertical Distribution On The Modelling Of Solar Radiation

Fountoulakis¹,

Papachristopoulou²,

Proestakis³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Default aerosol extinction coefficient profiles are commonly used instead of measured profiles in radiative transfer modelling, increasing the uncertainties in the simulations. The present study aims to determine the magnitude of these uncertainties and contribute towards the understanding of the complex interactions between aerosols and solar radiation. Default, artificial and measured profiles of the aerosol extinction coefficient are used to simulate the profiles of different radiometric quantities in the atmosphere for different surface, atmospheric, and aerosol properties and for four spectral bands: ultraviolet-B, ultraviolet-A, visible, and near infrared. Case studies are performed over different areas in Europe and North Africa. Analysis of the results shows that under cloudless-skies, changing the altitude of an artificial aerosol layer has minor impact on the levels of shortwave radiation at the top and the bottom of the atmosphere, even for high aerosol loads. Differences up to 30% were however detected for individual spectral bands. Using measured instead of default profiles for the simulations leads to more significant differences in the atmosphere, which become very large during dust episodes (10 – 60% for actinic flux at altitudes between 1 and 2 km, and up to 15 K/day for heating rates depending on site and solar elevation).

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Direct radiative effects of airborne microplastics

Cited by 165 publications

References 65 publications

First evidence of microplastics in Antarctic snow

First evidence of microplastics in Antarctic snow

YTHDF2-mediated Distinct m6A Regulations Bifurcate Ferroptosis and Apoptosis in BHPF-induced Developmental Defects

Effect Of The Aerosol Vertical Distribution On The Modelling Of Solar Radiation

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