Direct-Push Delivery of Dye Tracers for Direct Documentation of Solute Distribution in Clay Till

Christiansen, C; Damgaard, Ida; Broholm, Mette Martina; Kessler, Timo Christian; Bjerg, Poul Løgstrup

doi:10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0000451

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In addition, fractures may have been created during the direct push injection at Gl. Kongevej, which is supported by the findings of Christiansen et al (, ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Kongevej site, the development of degradation in the clay till matrix could be improved by reinjection of electron donor using direct push targeting yet untreated intervals. Fractures can be created/activated using this method (Christiansen et al ) and thereby potentially increase the contaminant mass reduction by ERD in the clay till matrix.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chambon et al (2011) suggest based on modeling data that the contaminant mass reduction highly depends on the delivery spacing where remediation timeframes are decreased with closely spaced injections. In a field study by Christiansen et al (2010Christiansen et al ( , 2012 a relatively close vertical spacing of delivery points was obtained with direct push injection of tracer solutes. However, the potential development of bioactive zones after direct push delivery has not kg (standard deviation of ±32 kg) based on 26 sediment samples from 11 boreholes (Capital Region of Denmark 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance of Full‐Scale Enhanced Reductive Dechlorination in Clay Till

Damgaard¹,

Bjerg²,

Jacobsen³

et al. 2012

Groundwater Monitoring Rem

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At a low permeability clay till site contaminated with chlorinated ethenes (Gl. Kongevej, Denmark), enhanced reductive dechlorination (ERD) was applied by direct push injection of molasses and dechlorinating bacteria. The performance was investigated by long‐term groundwater monitoring, and after 4 years of remediation, the development of degradation in the clay till matrix was investigated by high‐resolution subsampling of intact cores. The formation of degradation products, the presence of specific degraders Dehalococcoides spp. with the vinyl chloride (VC) reductase gene vcrA, and the isotope fractionation of trichloroethene, cis‐dichloroethene (cis‐DCE), and VC showed that degradation of chlorinated ethenes occurred in the clay till matrix as well as in sand lenses, sand stringers, and fractures. Bioactive sections of up to 1.8 m had developed in the clay till matrix, but sections, where degradation was restricted to narrow zones around sand lenses and stringers, were also observed. After 4 years of remediation, an average mass reduction of 24% was estimated. Comparison of the results with model simulation scenarios indicate that a mass reduction of 85% can be obtained within approximately 50 years without further increase in the narrow reaction zones if no donor limitations occur at the site. Long‐term monitoring of the concentration of chlorinated ethenes in the underlying chalk aquifer revealed that the aquifer was affected by the more mobile degradation products cis‐DCE and VC generated during the remediation by ERD.

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“…In addition, fractures may have been created during the direct push injection at Gl. Kongevej, which is supported by the findings of Christiansen et al (, ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Performance of Full‐Scale Enhanced Reductive Dechlorination in Clay Till

Damgaard¹,

Bjerg²,

Jacobsen³

et al. 2012

Groundwater Monitoring Rem

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“…A variety of pilot‐ or full‐scale fracturing tests have been reported in the literature, and these works can loosely be placed into one of two categories: investigations of fracturing techniques and resulting fracture characteristics (Murdoch et al 2006; Christiansen et al 2008, 2010, 2012; Sorenson 2019), and tests of contaminant treatment with fracturing techniques. The latter category can be divided based on remediation strategy: fractures to promote abiotic degradation through oxidation/reduction reactions (Siegrist et al 1999; Swift et al 2012; Sorenson 2019), fractures to promote biodegradation (Scheutz et al 2010; Swift et al.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A variety of pilot-or full-scale fracturing tests have been reported in the literature, and these works can loosely be placed into one of two categories: investigations of fracturing techniques and resulting fracture characteristics (Murdoch et al 2006;Christiansen et al 2008Christiansen et al , 2010Christiansen et al , 2012, and tests of contaminant treatment with fracturing techniques. The latter category can be divided based on remediation strategy: fractures to promote abiotic degradation through oxidation/reduction reactions (Siegrist et al 1999;Swift et al 2012;, fractures to promote biodegradation (Scheutz et al 2010;Swift et al 2012;Horst et al 2019;, fractures for steam flushing (Nilsson et al 2011), or fractures to promote EK treatment (Murdoch and Chen 1997;Roulier et al Siegrist et al (1999) conducted a comparative study in which hydraulic fracturing was used to emplace amendment into a TCE contaminated clay and silt formation.…”

Section: Fracturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for Managing Risk due to Back Diffusion

Brooks¹,

Yarney²,

Huang³

2021

Groundwater Monitoring Rem

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Back diffusion of contaminants from secondary sources may hamper site remediation if it is not properly addressed in the remedial design. A review of all reported technologies and strategies that have been or could be applied to address plume persistence due to back diffusion as published in the peer‐reviewed literature is provided. We classify these into four major categories. The first category consists of those approaches that do not include active measures to specifically address contamination in the low permeable zones (LPZs) and can therefore be considered passive LPZ management approaches. A disadvantage of these approaches is the long duration that may be required to meet acceptable endpoints; however, this allows degradation to potentially play a significant part even at modest rates. The remaining three categories all use approaches to specifically address contaminants in the LPZ. The second category consists of strategies that promote contaminant destruction through the forward diffusion of amendments into the LPZ. A variety of laboratory tests indicate concentration or flux reductions range from no improvement, to reductions as high as four orders‐of‐magnitude depending on the evaluation metric. The third category consists of strategies that alter physical characteristics of the secondary source, and includes viscosity modification, fracturing, and soil mixing. Each of these offer unique advantages and are often used to deliver one or more amendments for contaminant treatment. The final category consists of thermal and electrokinetic remediation, both less susceptible to permeability contrast limitations. However, they are not routinely used for secondary‐source treatment.

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