Direct Printing and Electrical Characterization of Conductive Micro-Silver Tracks by Alternating Current-Pulse Modulated Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing

Qin, Hantang; Wei, Changjiang; Dong, Jingyan; Lee, Yuan‐Shin

doi:10.1115/1.4033903

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…This is a relatively large level of porosity; however, it is well-known that printed nanoparticle inks often show apparent conductivities significantly lower than bulk values. Reviews of the literature show that typical conductivity measurements for printed Ag range from 10%–50% of bulk silver, and this is consistent with the high levels of porosity found in our study. − …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Stability Bounds for Micron Scale Ag Conductor Lines Produced by Electrohydrodynamic Inkjet Printing

Yang

Derby

2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Continuous conducting lines of width 5–20 μm have been printed with a Ag nanoparticle ink using drop-on-demand (DOD) electrohydrodynamic (EHD) inkjet printing on Si and PDMS substrates, with advancing contact angles of 11° and 35°, respectively, and a zero receding contact angle. It is only possible to achieve stable parallel sided lines within a limited range of drop spacings, and this limiting range for stable line printing decreases as the contact angle of the ink on the substrate increases. The upper bound drop spacing for stable line formation is determined by a minimum drop overlap required to prevent contact line retraction, and the lower bound is governed by competing flows for drop spreading onto an unwetted substrate and a return flow driven by a Laplace pressure difference between the newly deposited drops and the fluid some distance from the growing tip. The upper and lower bounds are shown to be consistent with those predicted using existing models for the stability of inkjet printed lines produced using piezoelectric droplet generators. A comparison with literature data for EHD printed lines finds that these limiting bounds apply with printed line widths as small as 200 nm using subfemtoliter drop volumes. When a fine grid pattern is printed, local differences in Laplace pressure lead to the line width retracting to the minimum stable width and excess ink being transported to the nodes of the grid. After printing and sintering, the printed tracks have a conductivity of about 15%–20% of bulk Ag on the Si substrate, which correlates with a porosity of about 60%.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Stability Bounds for Micron Scale Ag Conductor Lines Produced by Electrohydrodynamic Inkjet Printing

Yang

Derby

2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…The XRD results strongly indicate that the printed tungsten is in the crystalline form, which can benefit the x-ray absorption analysis in the following part. The mechanism of the e-jet printing process was extremely complicated and difficult to control, due to the facts that numerous variables are coupled with each other for the printing process [21]. Presented in this work, the control of needle dimension, stand-off distance, voltage amplitude, frequency, pulse width, and plotting speed will all affect printing quality of designed patterns.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the moving of the platform, various patterns could be fabricated via given programs. There were several parameters affecting printing structures [21], including needle size, stand-off distance, voltage modalities, and plotting speed. By optimizing these parameters, tungsten structures with different patterns were achieved.…”

Section: E-jet Printing Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of micro-scale radiation shielding structures using tungsten nanoink through electrohydrodynamic inkjet printing

Lyu¹,

Zhang²,

Liu³

et al. 2019

J. Micromech. Microeng.

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Electronics components used in space and strategic missions are exposed to harsh radiation environments, which could cause operational malfunction of the system through lattice displacement or ionization effects. One potential solution is to use tungsten as radiation shielding. Tungsten is a very effective material in shielding electronic components and manufacturing gratings for x-ray imaging. However, intrinsic properties of tungsten (e.g. density, chemical/thermal inertness and hardness) post a significant challenge of fabricating the material into micro-scale and delicate structures, especially in electronic device fabrication. To address the problem, we designed a new tungsten nanoink and developed a straightforward approach to create tungsten micro-structures by 3D printing. Various microstructures down to 10 µm resolution have been patterned and fabricated by electrohydrodynamic inkjet (e-jet) printing using tungsten nanoink. By optimizing process parameters (voltage modality) and materials properties (ink formulation), the dimension and morphology of the structures can be precisely controlled. An AC-modulated voltage was employed during the e-jet printing process to make the patterns much more controllable and stable. Multi-layer tungsten lines were characterized by x-ray imaging and exhibited excellent absorption of x-ray radiation. With the same thickness, printed lines showed nearly 1/3 absorptivity of x-ray radiation of bulk tungsten, leading to significant radiation attenuation effectiveness. Tungsten nanoink is a new material used in e-jet printing that has not been reported in the literature to the best of authors' knowledge. The study establishes a new methodology of manufacturing micro-nano scale shielding components for electronic devices and rapid prototyping of gratings and collimators in radiography for medical and inspection applications. The research also provides practical guidance to fabricate high melting-point metals via nanoink and micro/nano scale 3D printing.

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“…The use of the combined needle is also limited to discussing cone-jet and micro-drip regimes for printing on PET substrates. In addition, any visual results on controlling the micro-structures' size and the resolution of the printed droplets and linear patterns still face challenges when using the E-Jet printing technology due to the unfavourable properties of insulating materials [27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of Cone-Jet and Micro-Drip Regimes and Printing of Micro-Scale Patterns on PET Substrate

Wang

Abbas

et al. 2022

Polymers

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The fabrication of various micro-patterns on polymer insulating substrates is a current requirement in micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) and packaging sectors. In this paper, we use electrohydrodynamic jet (E-Jet) printing to create multifaceted and stable micro-patterns on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. Initially, simulation was performed to investigate optimized printing settings in phase field physics for the usage of two distinct functional inks. A series of simulation experiments was conducted, and it was determined that the following parameters are optimised: applied pressure of 40 kPa, high pulse voltage of 1.95 kV, low dc voltage of 1.60 kV, duty cycle of 80%, pulse frequency of 60 Hz, printing height of 0.25 mm, and printing speed of 1 mm/s. Then, experiments showed that adjusting a pressure value of 40 kPa and regulating the SEMICOSIL988/1 K ink to print micro-drops on a polymer substrate with a thickness of 1 mm prevents coffee staining. The smallest measured droplet size was 200 μm. Furthermore, underfill (UF 3808) ink was driven with applied pressure to 50 kPa while other parameters were left constant, and the minimum size of linear patterns was printed to 105 μm on 0.5-mm-thick PET substrate. During the micro-drip and cone-jet regimes, the consistency and diameter of printed micro-structures were accurately regulated at a pulse frequency of 60 Hz and a duty cycle of 80%.

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Direct Printing and Electrical Characterization of Conductive Micro-Silver Tracks by Alternating Current-Pulse Modulated Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing

Cited by 24 publications

References 43 publications

Stability Bounds for Micron Scale Ag Conductor Lines Produced by Electrohydrodynamic Inkjet Printing

Stability Bounds for Micron Scale Ag Conductor Lines Produced by Electrohydrodynamic Inkjet Printing

Fabrication of micro-scale radiation shielding structures using tungsten nanoink through electrohydrodynamic inkjet printing

Simulation of Cone-Jet and Micro-Drip Regimes and Printing of Micro-Scale Patterns on PET Substrate

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