Direct preparation of efficient catalyst for oxygen evolution reaction and high-purity Li2CO3 from spent LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 batteries

Yang, Yun-Cheng; Yang, Hailun; Cao, Hongbin; Wang, Zhonghang; Liu, Chunwei; Sun, Yi; Zhao, He; Zhang, Yi; Sun, Zhi

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.07.051

Cited by 51 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The pyrometallurgy-dominant approach is readily scaled up but lithium is prone to loss in the slag phase . To realize the selective preferential extraction of lithium from the spent LIBs, some special leaching agents have been employed, such as oxalic acid, Na 2 S, Na 2 S 2 O 8 , H 3 PO 4 , and so on. In addition, Wang et al reported a multistep LIB recycling process involving reduction roasting of LiNi x Co y Mn z O 2 in combination with carbonated-water leaching of lithium .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling Cathodes from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on the Selective Extraction of Lithium

Shen

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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The demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has risen dramatically over the years. However, many of the essential component elements in cathodes, such as cobalt and lithium, are both costly with limited resources. Therefore, the recycling of spent LIB cathodes is of great significance to conserving resources and the environment. In this work, we reported a novel metal-based strategy to selectively leach lithium from different types of cathodes (NCM, LCO, and LMO) by Co2+ or Mn2+, which can realize over 95% lithium leaching rates without other metal ions, such as Ni2+, Co2+, and Mn2+, left in the leachate, and the residual transition metal oxides can be used as cathode precursors. Taking the spent LiCoO2 as an example, the regenerated LiCoO2 particles show decent electrochemical performance, i.e., a reversible discharge capacity of 137.9–162.5 mAh/g upon being charged to 4.2–4.4 V with excellent rate performance and cycling stability at 4.2 V. It is a facile, closed-loop, and scalable process for recycling spent LIB cathodes based on the preferentially selective extraction of lithium, which offers a novel strategy for recycling compositional Li-ion cathode materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling Cathodes from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on the Selective Extraction of Lithium

Shen

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…Recycling of spent batteries LiNi 1‐x‐y Co x Mn y O 2 scrap materials through mechanochemical activation and solid‐state sintering. Yang et al . Leached spent LiNi 0.5 Mn 0.3 Co 0.2 O 2 scrap materials by mechanochemical activation method, achieved Ni 0.5 Mn 0.3 Co 0.2 (OH) 2 and Li leaching rates of 95.10 % and 100 %.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrometallurgical Regeneration of LiMn₂O₄ Cathode Scrap Material and Its Electrochemical Properties

Liu

Zhang

2020

ChemistrySelect

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The main researches focus on the recovery of metal elements in lithium manganate and not consider regenerating the cathode scrap materials. In this study, first, the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) binder is removed by a combination of solvent dissolution and heat treatment. PVDF is easily separated by dissolving in an N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solution at a heating temperature of 60 °C, stirring time of 50 min, and solid solution ratio of 80 g⋅L À 1 . The dissolution rate of the scrap material achieves 86.70 % under optimal conditions. Further, using inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy to define the Li and Mn metal contents, and the LiMn 2 O 4 cathode material is regenerated by a hydrometallurgical method. At the optimum calcination conditions of 500 °C for 12 h, electrochemical performance show that there are obvious charge and discharge platforms in the charge/discharge curves, and high first-cycle discharge capacity is 123.7 mAh g À 1 (3.0-4.3 V and 0.1 C), after 50 cycles, it decrease to 83.2 mAh g À 1 .[a

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“…Thus, selective Li leaching can prioritize its recovery at high purity. Yang et al demonstrated a mechanochemical activation route to selectively de‐lithiate a LiNi 0.5 Mn 0.3 Co 0.2 O 2 cathode. Here, the active material was ball milled with hydrated Na 2 S, generating LiOH, Na 2 SO 3 , and Ni 0.5 Mn 0.3 Co 0.2 (OH) 2 as products.…”

Section: Leaching Developments and Unconventional Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling of mixed cathode lithium‐ion batteries for electric vehicles: Current status and future outlook

et al. 2020

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Worldwide trends in mobile electrification, largely driven by the popularity of electric vehicles (EVs) will skyrocket demands for lithium‐ion battery (LIB) production. As such, up to four million metric tons of LIB waste from EV battery packs could be generated from 2015 to 2040. LIB recycling directly addresses concerns over long‐term economic strains due to the uneven geographic distribution of resources (especially for Co and Li) and environmental issues associated with both landfilling and raw material extraction. However, LIB recycling infrastructure has not been widely adopted, and current facilities are mostly focused on Co recovery for economic gains. This incentive will decline due to shifting market trends from LiCoO2 toward cobalt‐deficient and mixed‐metal cathodes (eg, LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2). Thus, this review covers recycling strategies to recover metals in mixed‐metal LIB cathodes and comingled scrap comprising different chemistries. As such, hydrometallurgical processes can meet this criterion, while also requiring a low environmental footprint and energy consumption compared to pyrometallurgy. Following pretreatment to separate the cathode from other battery components, the active material is dissolved entirely by reductive acid leaching. A complex leachate is generated, comprising cathode metals (Li+, Ni2+, Mn2+, and Co2+) and impurities (Fe3+, Al3+, and Cu2+) from the current collectors and battery casing, which can be separated and purified using a series of selective precipitation and/or solvent extraction steps. Alternatively, the cathode can be resynthesized directly from the leachate.

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Direct preparation of efficient catalyst for oxygen evolution reaction and high-purity Li2CO3 from spent LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 batteries

Cited by 51 publications

References 38 publications

Recycling Cathodes from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on the Selective Extraction of Lithium

Recycling Cathodes from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on the Selective Extraction of Lithium

Hydrometallurgical Regeneration of LiMn₂O₄ Cathode Scrap Material and Its Electrochemical Properties

Recycling of mixed cathode lithium‐ion batteries for electric vehicles: Current status and future outlook

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Direct preparation of efficient catalyst for oxygen evolution reaction and high-purity Li2CO3 from spent LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 batteries

Cited by 51 publications

References 38 publications

Recycling Cathodes from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on the Selective Extraction of Lithium

Recycling Cathodes from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on the Selective Extraction of Lithium

Hydrometallurgical Regeneration of LiMn2O4 Cathode Scrap Material and Its Electrochemical Properties

Recycling of mixed cathode lithium‐ion batteries for electric vehicles: Current status and future outlook

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Hydrometallurgical Regeneration of LiMn₂O₄ Cathode Scrap Material and Its Electrochemical Properties