Direct photolithographic patterning of cuprous oxide thin films via photoelectrodeposition

Lowe, James M.; Yan, Qiangu; Benamara, Mourad; Coridan, Robert H.

doi:10.1039/c7ta05321e

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Nanocrystals have recently emerged as attractive materials with a wide variety of applications in many fields. − In particular, to develop functional products in diverse areas from optics to electronics, patterning nanocrystals has become an important task. A number of methods can be applied for patterning nanocrystals, such as etching (i.e., photolithography , ), printing (e.g., using stencils , or printing devices , ), chemical reaction and diffusion, , selective laser direct patterning, , or in situ nanocrystal formation/modification induced by light , or electron beam , irradiation. Alternatively, nanocrystals can be patterned by means of thermodynamics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterning Silver Nanowires by Inducing Transient Concentration Gradients in Reaction Mixtures

Tanaka

Morinaga

Tran‐Cong‐Miyata

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Patterning nanocrystals in polymer films is essential for the widespread use of nanocrystals in various fields from optics to electronics; therefore, the development of patterning methods for nanocrystals is an important task. Here, we report a unique approach for patterning silver nanowires (AgNWs) using a thermodynamic driving force induced by transient concentration gradients in reaction mixtures. The procedure starts with the preparation of a photocurable monomer solution containing homogeneously dispersed AgNWs. Ultraviolet illumination through a straight-line mask reduces the polymerization rate of monomers in the masked area, decreasing the polymer concentration in comparison with that in the unmasked area. Such transient polymer concentration gradients yield imbalances in the chemical potentials of AgNWs, inducing the migration of AgNWs to form a straight-line pattern of AgNWs. The pattern of AgNWs was visualized via photoluminescence imaging under a laser scanning confocal microscope and compared with the light patterns applied to the mixture. These observations revealed that the magnitude of the AgNW migration is enhanced as the transient concentration gradient increases by thickening the mask to decrease the intensity of light passing through the mask. The structural features of the AgNW pattern were reproduced using numerical simulations based on a set of reaction−diffusion equations, which suggested the key role of the polymerization kinetics characterized by the Trommsdorff−Norrish effect. Moreover, as the AgNW pattern becomes clearer, the electrical resistance along the patterns decreases and more complex patterns can be produced, indicating the potential of the method. Overall, the present patterning method constitutes a simple approach that only requires illumination through a mask to generate the AgNW pattern, which renders it a promising alternative for patterning nanocrystals in polymer films.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterning Silver Nanowires by Inducing Transient Concentration Gradients in Reaction Mixtures

Tanaka

Morinaga

Tran‐Cong‐Miyata

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…Electrodeposited and photoelectrodeposited Cu 2 O lms were prepared identically to previously reported methods. 23,24 The 24 CuO lms were prepared by annealing electrodeposited Cu 2 O lms at 500 C in air for 1 h (10 C min À1 ramp rate). The complete transformation to CuO was conrmed by XRD before proceeding.…”

Section: Preparation Of Copper-based Thin Lmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At sufficient illumination intensity, the photoelectrodeposition of Cu 2 O results in a lm that is doped by a homogeneous distribution of Cu nanoparticles. 24 This is indicated by the emergence of a Scherrer-broadened Cu(111) peak in an XRD measurement of Cu 2 O electrodeposited under 455 nm LED illumination at an intensity of 350 mW cm À2 (Fig. 5a).…”

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confidence: 96%

Mechanistic control of a galvanic replacement reaction on cuprous oxide

Lowe

Coridan

2019

Nanoscale Adv.

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“…Methods to synthesize metastable phases at moderate pressure and temperature include colloidal synthesis, ,, chemical and physical vapor deposition, ,− solid-state metathesis, , and electrodeposition. ,− Electrodeposition is particularly attractive because it is a versatile and inexpensive method to produce metals, ,− ceramics, , and semiconductors − ,− at atmospheric pressure and temperatures below 100 °C. Although many binary metallic alloys and intermetallic compounds with metastable structures have been prepared by electrodeposition, ,− there exist only a few examples of electrodepositing metastable phases of semiconductor compounds including Bi 2 Se 3 , − CdSe, and δ-Bi 2 O 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous Seed Formation during Electrodeposition Drives Epitaxial Growth of Metastable Bismuth Selenide Microcrystals

et al. 2022

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Materials with metastable phases can exhibit vastly different properties from their thermodynamically favored counterparts. Methods to synthesize metastable phases without the need for high-temperature or high-pressure conditions would facilitate their widespread use. We report on the electrochemical growth of microcrystals of bismuth selenide, Bi2Se3, in the metastable orthorhombic phase at room temperature in aqueous solution. Rather than direct epitaxy with the growth substrate, the spontaneous formation of a seed layer containing nanocrystals of cubic BiSe enforces the metastable phase. We first used single-crystal silicon substrates with a range of resistivities and different orientations to identify the conditions needed to produce the metastable phase. When the applied potential during electrochemical growth is positive of the reduction potential of Bi3+, an initial, Bi-rich seed layer forms. Electron microscopy imaging and diffraction reveal that the seed layer consists of nanocrystals of cubic BiSe embedded within an amorphous matrix of Bi and Se. Using density functional theory calculations, we show that epitaxial matching between cubic BiSe and orthorhombic Bi2Se3 can help stabilize the metastable orthorhombic phase over the thermodynamically stable rhombohedral phase. The spontaneous formation of the seed layer enables us to grow orthorhombic Bi2Se3 on a variety of substrates including single-crystal silicon with different orientations, polycrystalline fluorine-doped tin oxide, and polycrystalline gold. The ability to stabilize the metastable phase through room-temperature electrodeposition in aqueous solution without requiring a single-crystal substrate broadens the range of applications for this semiconductor in optoelectronic and electrochemical devices.

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Direct photolithographic patterning of cuprous oxide thin films via photoelectrodeposition

Abstract: The photocathodic properties of cuprous oxide enable the light-directed patterning of electodeposited thin films.

Cited by 8 publications

References 42 publications

Patterning Silver Nanowires by Inducing Transient Concentration Gradients in Reaction Mixtures

Patterning Silver Nanowires by Inducing Transient Concentration Gradients in Reaction Mixtures

Mechanistic control of a galvanic replacement reaction on cuprous oxide

Spontaneous Seed Formation during Electrodeposition Drives Epitaxial Growth of Metastable Bismuth Selenide Microcrystals

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