Triphenylphosphonium (TPP+) conjugates are
effective
in targeting drugs and probes to the mitochondria due to their lipophilic
character that allows them to readily cross membranes and their large
cationic radius that enables mitochondrial uptake because of the mitochondria’s
negative membrane potential. TPP+ conjugates, while effectively
sequestered by the mitochondria, are also known to uncouple oxidative
phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and depolarize the mitochondrial membrane.
xTPP+ conjugates with para-substitutions of functional
groups on the phenyl rings of the TPP+ moiety display different
levels of dose-mediated cytotoxicity due to differing potencies of
uncoupling. xTPP+ conjugates having a para CF3 group substituted on the phenyl rings have been shown to afford
significantly reduced uncoupling potency. In the present study, the
analysis of a CF3-TPP+ conjugate with a decyl
linker for stability revealed instability specific to the presence
of DMSO in aqueous alkaline buffer. It is also demonstrated that the
metal chelator, DTPA, forms a noncovalent protective complex with
TPP+ moieties and prevents degradation of the CF3-TPP+ conjugate in aqueous DMSO. The stability of different
xTPP+ conjugates and their interactions with DTPA are reported.