Direct one-pot synthesis of poly(ionic liquid) nanogels by cobalt-mediated radical cross-linking copolymerization in organic or aqueous media

Abstract

Nanogels of controlled kinetic chain length were synthesized by cobalt-mediated radical cross-linking copolymerization (CMRccP) involving a vinyl monomer and a divinyl cross-linker.

Surface- and Redox-Active Multifunctional Polyphenol-Derived Poly(ionic liquid)s: Controlled Synthesis and Characterization

“…Scheme illustrates the synthetic route toward the polyelectrolytes bearing phenol, catechol, or pyrogallol pendant groups with different counteranions. All polymerizations were quenched by the addition of excess TEMPO to avoid side reactions during polymer purification, according to the reported procedures. − …”

“…The OMRP of 1-vinyl-3-alkylimidazolium (VImX)- type IL monomers using preformed alkyl–cobalt adduct (R-Co­(acac) 2 ) has been proven to be an efficient way to obtain PILs in a controlled fashion. − The initial optimization through R-Co­(acac) 2 -mediated OMRP of VIm-catⓅ-Cl using a monomer/R-Co­(acac) 2 molar ratio of 75:1 in DMF at 30 °C was extremely fast, reaching a high monomer conversion (∼98%) in few minutes (<2 min). Although this polymerization was very rapid, the RI-SEC trace was monomodal and narrow ( Đ = 1.21; Figure S26), suggesting a controlled process.…”

“…Also, poly­(1-vinyl-3-alkyl­imidazolium)­s (PVImX) represent an important class of those PILs that are commonly prepared by conventional radical polymerization and that present a broad electrochemical stability window. − However, compared to styrenic or (meth)­acrylic containing imidazolium, the controlled radical polymerization (CRP) of 1-vinyl-3-alkylimidazolium-type (VImX) IL monomers is less documented as the result of the high reactivity of their growing species. During the past decade substantial progress has been made in this direction by implementing the addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) and organometallic-mediated radical polymerization (OMRP) − methods to VImX, consequently broadening the scope of PILs structures, functionalities, and applications.…”

Polytriazolium poly(ionic liquid) bearing triiodide anions: Synthesis, basic properties and electrochemical behaviors

“…[1][2][3] These materials are normally obtained from the polymerization of ionic liquids (ILs), or post-modification of extant polymers via ion metathesis, N-alkylation, or grafting ILs onto neutral polymers. [4][5][6] The marriage of ILs and polymers enables PILs to possess numerous useful properties, such as adjustable solubility in many organic solvents, relatively high ionic conductivity, and low glass transition temperature in comparison to classical polyelectrolytes. Currently, PILs find a variety of uses in materials applications.…”

Highly effective organometallic‐mediated radical polymerization of vinyl acetate using alumina‐supported Co(acac)2 catalyst: A case study of adsorption and polymerization

“…Co(acac) 2 addition to being successful as controlling agent to mediate the radical polymerization of the non‐conjugated vinyl monomers, its high versatility proven to control the polymerization of conjugated monomers such as acrylates and acrylonitrile (AN) and production of well‐defined copolymers of ethylene with polar monomers such as VAc or AN . Recent advances in CMRP using Co(acac) 2 has enabled to achieve well defined conically charged polymers entering in the category of so‐called poly(ionic liquid)s with a broad range of possible applications …”