Direct Observation of the Moving Liquid/Solid Interface during Nanosecond Pulsed Laser Annealing of Silicon

Abstract

Time shifting the outputs of gravitational wave detectors operating in coincidence is a convenient way to estimate the background in a search for shortduration signals. However, this procedure is limited as increasing indefinitely the number of time shifts does not provide better estimates. We show that the false alarm rate estimation error saturates with the number of time shifts. In particular, for detectors with very different trigger rates, this error saturates at a large value. Explicit computations are done for two detectors, and for three detectors where the detection statistic relies on the logical 'OR' of the coincidences of the three couples in the network.

Heat flow model for pulsed laser melting and rapid solidification of ion implanted GaAs

“…48 The solidification velocity is the most important parameter governing impurity incorporation during PLM ͑crystalline orientation is also relevant 49 ͒; however, it is one of the more inaccessible parameters experimentally. 15,[50][51][52] In general, faster solidification will lead to incorporation of dopants at higher concentrations; 15 in the case of N in GaN x As 1−x , this should translate into larger band gap reduction and in the case of Mn in Ga 1−x Mn x As, into higher T c . Numerical simulations allow the estimation of the solidification velocity to be explored as a function of any number of PLM parameters.…”

Nano-strip grating lines self-organized by a high speed scanning CW laser

“…How fast can molten Si move in a liquid Si pool? Direct observation of the moving liquid/solid interface estimates an expansion rate of ∼1 m s −1 [32], and fluid flow in arc weld pools show a velocity of 0.1-1 m s −1 by electromagnetic force, surface tension gradient, temperature gradient, or mass density gradient [33]. The time scale t can be roughly estimated to be grating period divided by moving speed v as…”