Direct observation of spherulitic growth stages of CaCO3 in a poly(acrylic acid)–chitosan system: In situ SPM study

High-speed atomic force microscopy coming of age

“…Imaging rate, 1.03 fps (×20 playback); scan size, 800 × 800 nm 2 [98]. ・Crystallization of a CaCO 3 thin film from supersaturated solution [72] ・Ultrafast imaging of collagen [58] ・Brownian motion & photo-degradation of π-conjugated polyrotaxane [73] ・DNA translocation and looping by type III restriction enzyme [74] ・Biotinylated DNA-streptavidin interaction [75] Miles Miles Shinohara Takeyasu Trimitsu 2008 5 ・Anisotropic diffusion of point defects in streptavidin 2D crystals [76] ・Identification of intrinsically disordered regions of proteins [77] ・Human chromosomes in liquid [78] ・DNA-nuclease interaction [ ・Dynamic equilibrium at the edge of bR 2D crystals [81] ・Structural change of CaM and actin polymerization on streptavidin 2D crystals [82] ・Unidirectional translocation of cellulase along cellulose fibers [83] ・Translocation of EcoRII restriction enzyme along DNA [84] ・Fabrication and imaging of hard material surface [85] ・Purple membrane in contact-mode HS-AFM [86] ・Thermal motion of π-conjugated polymer chain [87] ・Opening of 3D hollow structure of DNA Origami [88] ・Opening of 3D hollow structure of DNA Origami [89] ・ATP-induced conformational change in P2X 4 ・Walking myosin V along an actin filament [91] ・Photo-induced structural change in bR [92] ・2D crystal formation of annexin A-V and height change of p97 [93] ・Analysis of components covering magnesotome surface [94] ・Time course of cell death by antimicrobial peptide [95] ・Dissolution of extreme UV exposed resist films under developing [96] ・Dissolution of extreme UV exposed resist films under developing [97] ・Process of forming supported planar lipid bilayer [98] ・Self assembly of amyloid-like fibrils [99] ・Effect of ClpX on FtsZ polymerization ...…”

Calcium carbonate crystallization in the presence of modified polysaccharides and linear polymeric additives

“…3 (PAM, 25 1C) shows that only calcite was formed. It has been reported in the literature that the addition of polymeric additive has a stabilization effect on the amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) that is initially formed prior to crystallization [43][44][45][46]. The presence of polymeric additives also suppresses bulk crystallization of CaCO 3 .…”

“…The presence of polymeric additives also suppresses bulk crystallization of CaCO 3 . The ACC can then be transformed into thermodynamically more stable crystalline polymorphs through a dissolution and re-crystallization process aided by the presence of water or moisture [44]. The formation of flat rhombohedrical crystals (Fig.…”

Surface and statistical analysis of CaCO3 crystals synthesized in the presence of fluorescein-tagged starch grafted with polyacrylic acid

“…The spherulitic crystal growth mechanism observed by Ulcinas et al [17] that lead to spherical crystals in chitosan-PAA system is proposed for CaCO 3 crystals in populations P4 (for CaCO 3 (1), CaCO 3 (2) and CaCO 3 (3)) and P5 (for calcium CaCO 3 (1) and CaCO 3 (2)). The starch-PAA system used in this study was however different from the chitosan-PAA system in that PAA was covalently bonded to starch.…”

“…The crystallization will then occur at the expense of ACC via a dissolution and re-crystallization process [16]. However, polymeric additives such as PAA help to stabilize the ACC and an ACC-PAA gel was observed in which the nucleation of the crystals occurred resulting in the spherulitic growth of the crystals [17]. The polymeric additives are also selectively adsorbed and/or enriched onto the surface of growing CaCO 3 crystal faces [15,18].…”