Direct Observation of Proton-Neutron Short-Range Correlation Dominance in Heavy Nuclei

Duer, M.; Schmidt, Axel; Pybus, J.R.; Segarra, E.P.; Hrnjic, A.; Denniston, A.; Weiss, R.; Hen, O.; Piasetzky, E.; Weinstein, Larry; Barnea, Nir; Korover, I.; Cohen, E.; Hakobyan, H.; Adhikari, S.; Angelini, G.; Battaglieri, M.; Beck, A.; Bedlinskiy, I.; Biselli, A.; Boiarinov, S.; Brooks, W. K.; Burkert, Volker; Cao, F.; Carman, D. S.; Celentano, A.; Chetry, T.; Ciullo, G.; Clark, L.; Cole, P. L.; Contalbrigo, M.; Cortes, O.; Credé, V.; Torres, Reynier Cruz; D’Angelo, A.; Dashyan, N.; Sanctis, E. De; Vita, R. De; Deur, A.; Diehl, Stefan; Djalali, C.; Dupré, R.; Duran, B.; Egiyan, H.; Alaoui, A. El; Fassi, L. El; Eugenio, P.; Filippi, A.; Forest, T. A.; Gilfoyle, G. P.; Giovanetti, K. L.; Girod, F. X.; Golovatch, E.; Gothe, R. W.; Griffioen, K. A.; Guo, L. B.; Hafidi, K.; Hanretty, C.; Harrison, N.; Hattawy, M.; Hauenstein, F.; Hayward, T. B.; Heddle, D.; Hicks, K.; Holtrop, M.; Ilieva, Y.; Ireland, D. G.; Ишханов, Б. С.; Isupov, E. L.; Jo, H. S.; Joo, K.; Kabir, M. L.; Keller, D.; Khachatryan, M.; Khanal, A.; Khandaker, M.; Kim, W.; Klein, F. J.; Kubarovsky, V.; Kuhn, S. E.; Lanza, L.; Laskaris, G.; Lenisa, P.; Livingston, K.; MacGregor, I. J. D.; Marchand, D.; Markov, N.; McKinnon, B.; Beck, S. Mey-Tal; Mirazita, M.; Mokeev, V.; Montgomery, R. A.; Movsisyan, A.; Camacho, C. Muñoz; Mustapha, B.; Nadel-Turoński, P.; Niccolai, S.; Niculescu, G.; Osipenko, M.; Ostrovidov, A. I.; Paolone, M.; Paremuzyan, R.; Park, K.; Pasyuk, E.; Patsyuk, M.; Phelps, W.; Pogorelko, O.; Prok, Y.; Protopopescu, D.; Ripani, M.; Rizzo, A.; Rosner, G.; Rossi, P.; Sabatié, F.; Schmookler, B.; Schumacher, R. A.; Sharabian, Y. G.; Skorodumina, Iu.; Sokhan, D.; Sparveris, N.; Stepanyan, S.; Strauch, S.; Taiuti, M.; Tan, J. A.; Tyler, N. J. C.; Ungaro, M.; Voskanyan, H.; Voutier, E.; Wang, R.; Wei, X.; Wood, M. H.; Zachariou, N.; Zhang, J.; Zhao, Z. W.; Zheng, X.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.122.172502

Cited by 104 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(82 reference statements)

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“…Note also that the difference in radii between 3 He and 3 H may be strongly affected by the effects of virtuality because a struck proton in 3 He is influenced by one pn interaction and one pp interaction, while a struck proton in 3 H is influenced by two pn interactions. The T = 0 pn interactions are stronger than the T = 1 pp interactions, an important feature in a diverse set of reactions [5,53,54]. The net result is that the increase in the proton radius suggested here is relevant for understanding the properties of nuclei with A = 3.…”

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confidence: 77%

Confinement in Nuclei and the Expanding Proton

Miller

2019

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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High-precision knowledge of electromagnetic form factors of nuclei is a subject of much current experimental and theoretical activity in nuclear and atomic physics. Such precision mandates that effects of the non-zero spatial extent of the constituent nucleons be handled in a manner that goes beyond the usual impulse approximation. A series of simple, Poincare-invariant, composite-proton models that respect the Ward-Takahashi identity and in which quarks are confined are used to study the validity of this approximation. The result of all of the models is a general theorem showing that medium modification of proton structure must occur. Combining this result with lattice QCD calculations leads to a conclusion that a bound proton must be larger than a free one.

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confidence: 77%

Confinement in Nuclei and the Expanding Proton

Miller

2019

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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“…Significant progresses have been made in understanding the source and features of the nucleon momentum distributions in finite nuclei especially from electron-nucleus scattering experiments during the last two decades [75,146,147,148,149,150,151,152,153,154,155], albeit there are still controversies especially from those experiments using nuclear probes, see, e.g., refs. [156,157,158,159,160].…”

Section: The Role Of the Isospin-dependent Short-range Correlation (Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards understanding astrophysical effects of nuclear symmetry energy

et al. 2019

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Determining the Equation of State (EOS) of dense neutron-rich nuclear matter is a shared goal of both nuclear physics and astrophysics. Except possible phase transitions, the density dependence of nuclear symmetry Esym(ρ) is the most uncertain part of the EOS of neutron-rich nucleonic matter especially at supra-saturation densities. Much progresses have been made in recent years in predicting the symmetry energy and understanding why it is still very uncertain using various microscopic nuclear many-body theories and phenomenological models. Simultaneously, significant progresses have also been made in probing the symmetry energy in both terrestrial nuclear laboratories and astrophysical observatories. In light of the GW170817 event as well as ongoing or planned nuclear experiments and astrophysical observations probing the EOS of dense neutron-rich matter, we review recent progresses and identify new challenges to the best knowledge we have on several selected topics critical for understanding astrophysical effects of the nuclear symmetry energy.PACS. 2 6.60.Kp Contents B.A Li, P.G. Krastev, D.H. Wen and N.B. Zhang: Astrophysical Effects of Nuclear Symmetry Energy 5.2.2 Predicted correlation strength between the radii of neutron stars and the symmetry energy from low to high densities 32 5.2.3 Predicted effects of the symmetry energy on the tidal deformability of neutron stars 33 5.3 Post-GW170817 analyses of tidal deformability and radii of neutron stars as well as constraints on the nuclear EOS and symmetry energy . . . 34 5.3.

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“…The blue circles are LCA predictions based on the ratio of the pp and pn contributions to the P A (p) in the selected momentum ranges. The data are from Ref [5]…”

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confidence: 99%

Isospin composition of the high-momentum fluctuations in nuclei from asymptotic momentum distributions

et al. 2019

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Background: High-momentum nucleons in a nuclear environment can be associated with short-range correlations (SRC) that primarily occur between nucleon pairs. Observations and theoretical developments have indicated that the SRC properties can be captured by general quantitative principles that are subject to model-dependence upon quantification. The variations in the aggregated effect of SRC across nuclei, however, can be quantified in an approximately model-independent fashion in terms of the so-called SRC scaling factors that capture the aggregated effect of SRC for a specific nucleus A relative to the deuteron (A-to-d).Purpose: Provide predictions for the SRC scaling factors across the nuclear periodic table and determine the relative contribution of the different nucleon pair combinations to this quantity. Determine the SRC scaling factors for both bound protons and bound neutrons and study how these quantities evolve with the neutron-to-proton ( N Z ) ratio in asymmetric nuclei. Methods: We employ the low-order correlation operator approximation (LCA) to compute the SRC contribution to the single-nucleon momentum distribution and ratios of A-to-d momentum distributions. We do this for a sample of fifteen nuclei from He to Pb thereby gaining access to the evolution of the SRC scaling factor with the nuclear mass 4 ≤ A ≤ 208 and the neutron-to-proton ratio 1.0 ≤ N Z ≤ 1.54. Results: We provide evidence for approximate A-to-d scaling of the single-nucleon momentum distribution at nucleon momenta exceeding about 4 fm −1 . For the studied sample of fifteen nuclei, the total SRC scaling factor is in the range 4.05-5.14 of which roughly 3 can be attributed to proton-neutron (pn) correlations. The SRC scaling factors receive sizeable contributions from pp and nn correlations. They depend on the N Z ratio reflecting the fact that the minority species (protons) becomes increasingly more short-range correlated with increasing N Z . We compare the computed SRC scaling factors in the LCA with those of ab-initio calculations and with measured quantities from SRC-sensitive inclusive electron-scattering data.Conclusions: It is shown that the LCA provides predictions for the SRC scaling factors across the nuclear table that are in line with measured values. In asymmetric nuclei there are sizeable differences between the SRC scaling factors for protons and neutrons. It is suggested that this phenomenon may impact the variations of the magnitude of the European muon collaboration (EMC) effect across nuclei. Our results corroborate the finding that SRC physics can be qualitatively understood by universal principles that build on local modifications of mean-field wave functions of nucleon pairs.

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Direct Observation of Proton-Neutron Short-Range Correlation Dominance in Heavy Nuclei

Cited by 104 publications

References 59 publications

Confinement in Nuclei and the Expanding Proton

Confinement in Nuclei and the Expanding Proton

Towards understanding astrophysical effects of nuclear symmetry energy

Isospin composition of the high-momentum fluctuations in nuclei from asymptotic momentum distributions

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