Direct observation of ordered latex suspension by metallurgical microscope

Kose, Akira; Ozaki, Masataka; Takano, Kaoru; Kobayashi, Yôko; Hachisu, Sei

doi:10.1016/0021-9797(73)90224-5

Cited by 327 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…25 For dilute dispersions of latex spheres in water, light microscopy has also been possible. Kose et al 26 observed ordered structures close to the container wall using an inverse metallurgical microscope. At a volume fraction р0.1 vol %, they were able to visualize 30 crystal layers starting from the glass wall.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct observation of stacking disorder in a colloidal crystal

Verhaegh

Duijneveldt

Blaaderen

et al. 1995

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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Colloidal crystals of rhodamine labeled silica spheres dispersed in chloroform have been studied with fluorescence confocal scanning laser microscopy. We report the first determination of the three-dimensional crystalline stacking in the bulk of a concentrated dispersion. The structure was found to consist of a random stacking of close-packed planes. The results are compared with light scattering experiments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct observation of stacking disorder in a colloidal crystal

Verhaegh

Duijneveldt

Blaaderen

et al. 1995

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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“…Typically, the colloids used for these studies are stericallystabilized polymeric particles in nonaqueous solvents, which can match both the density ρ and refractive index n of the particles, enabling confocal microscopy to be used for these investigations. Even earlier studies focused on charged particles, where crystallization is driven by strong long-range repulsive interactions arising from Coulombic charges on the particles [1,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. These studies were performed on particles in aqueous solvents, which makes charge effects much easier to induce, but precludes index matching, limiting the use of optical techniques except at very low densities.…”

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confidence: 99%

Crystallization and reentrant melting of charged colloids in nonpolar solvents

Kanai

Boon

et al. 2015

Phys. Rev. E

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We explore the crystallization of charged colloidal particles in a nonpolar solvent mixture. We simultaneously charge the particles and add counterions to the solution with aerosol-OT (AOT) reverse micelles. At low AOT concentrations, the charged particles crystallize into body-centered-cubic (bcc) or face-centered-cubic (fcc) Wigner crystals; at high AOT concentrations, the increased screening drives a thus far unobserved reentrant melting transition. We observe an unexpected scaling of the data with particle size, and account for all behavior with a model that quantitatively predicts both the reentrant melting and the data collapse. Colloidal particles can spontaneously form structures that exhibit long-range ordered states, making them a fascinating system for fundamental studies of crystal phase behavior [1][2][3][4]. The majority of studies focus on colloids which model the hard-sphere interaction, a strong repulsion that prevents particles from overlapping, whose range is restricted to contact [5]. Hard-sphere crystallization is driven through purely entropic effects, and the phase behavior is well studied [5][6][7][8][9]. Typically, the colloids used for these studies are stericallystabilized polymeric particles in nonaqueous solvents, which can match both the density ρ and refractive index n of the particles, enabling confocal microscopy to be used for these investigations. Even earlier studies focused on charged particles, where crystallization is driven by strong long-range repulsive interactions arising from Coulombic charges on the particles [1,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. These studies were performed on particles in aqueous solvents, which makes charge effects much easier to induce, but precludes index matching, limiting the use of optical techniques except at very low densities. Instead, x-ray scattering studies [23] showed a fascinating phase behavior of Wigner crystals, including a body-centered-cubic (bcc) phase at low concentration, and a solid-solid transition to a face-centered-cubic (fcc) phase at higher densities [15][16][17][18]24,25]. It is also possible to induce charge on particles in nonaqueous solvents through the addition of charge control agents [21,[26][27][28]. However, in this case, there is strong coupling between the charge on the particle surface and the ions in solution. Charge-induced crystallization should still be expected, although new behavior may also occur as a consequence of this coupling. Nevertheless, these systems have never been investigated experimentally, and the range of potential behavior has not yet been explored.In this Rapid Communication, we investigate the crystallization behavior of colloidal particles in nonpolar solvents. By adding aerosol-OT (AOT) reverse micelles, we both charge the particles and add ions to the solution. As AOT concentration increases from zero, the system undergoes a first transition from fluid to a charge-stabilized bcc Wigner crystal, and * Corresponding author: plu@fas.harvard.edu then a second solid-sol...

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“…Growth kinetics of colloidal crystals have attracted a great deal of attention as model crystallization systems, since it has been expected that the incorporation processes of particles into crystals would be easily observed in situ using optical microscopes at the particle level [1,2]. After some pioneering experiments, extensive fundamental studies on colloidal crystals have been conducted so far [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, almost all systems reported so far have mainly utilized repulsive interactions between particles for colloidal crystallization basically [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]20,21,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][42][43][44], whereas the growth of crystals of atoms or molecules usually proceeds via attractive interactions. In such systems, in situ observation of growth interfaces of colloidal crystals by optical microscopy is usually difficult because of high particle concentrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption, Desorption, Surface Diffusion, Lattice Defect Formation, and Kink Incorporation Processes of Particles on Growth Interfaces of Colloidal Crystals with Attractive Interactions

et al. 2016

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Abstract:Good model systems are required in order to understand crystal growth processes because, in many cases, precise incorporation processes of atoms or molecules cannot be visualized easily at the atomic or molecular level. Using a transmission-type optical microscope, we have successfully observed in situ adsorption, desorption, surface diffusion, lattice defect formation, and kink incorporation of particles on growth interfaces of colloidal crystals of polystyrene particles in aqueous sodium polyacrylate solutions. Precise surface transportation and kink incorporation processes of the particles into the colloidal crystals with attractive interactions were observed in situ at the particle level. In particular, contrary to the conventional expectations, the diffusion of particles along steps around a two-dimensional island of the growth interface was not the main route for kink incorporation. This is probably due to the number of bonds between adsorbed particles and particles in a crystal; the number exceeds the limit at which a particle easily exchanges its position to the adjacent one along the step. We also found novel desorption processes of particles from steps to terraces, attributing them to the assistance of attractive forces from additionally adsorbing particles to the particles on the steps.

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Direct observation of ordered latex suspension by metallurgical microscope

Cited by 327 publications

References 8 publications

Direct observation of stacking disorder in a colloidal crystal

Direct observation of stacking disorder in a colloidal crystal

Crystallization and reentrant melting of charged colloids in nonpolar solvents

Adsorption, Desorption, Surface Diffusion, Lattice Defect Formation, and Kink Incorporation Processes of Particles on Growth Interfaces of Colloidal Crystals with Attractive Interactions

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