Direct observation of long-strand DNA conformational changing in microchannel flow and microfluidic hybridization assay

Rapid Saponification of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters with Aqueous Alkali Hydroxide Solutions Using a Long Narrow Tubular Reactor

“…Therefore, the development of a novel reactor having a large value of diffusion constant is needed. There have been many studies on microreactors with large diffusion constants [16][17][18][19][20][21], because microreactors have some good characteristics, such as high reaction rate, precise temperature control and large diffusion constant, due to a large surface area of the inner wall of the microreactor per unit volume of reagent, very small diameter of the reactor, and large contact surface area between aqueous phase and reagent. However, the construction of a microreactor requires a high level of technology and precise processing such as deep reactive ion etching, chemical etching, spattering, sandblasting, and milling, and microreactors are therefore costly.…”

Photocatalytic reactions in microreactors

“…Although microreaction systems are successfully examined in the wide range of applications of organic chemistry, surprisingly small number of studies have so far made on applications of microreactors to photoreactions [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Microreactors can be expected to exhibit some distinct properties on photoreactions, such as higher spatial illumination homogeneity and better light penetration through the entire reactor depth in comparison to large-scale reactors.…”

Direct circular dichroism spectra measurement of stretching long-strand DNA in a tapering microchannel

“…Conformations of polymer molecules, such as DNA strands, are typically studied in various kinds of flow [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. It has been confirmed both theoretically and experimentally that DNA strands, which form a coiled state in a bulk solution, stretch or form various shapes in shear [1,2], elongational [4][5][6][7][8] and laminar flows [9,10]. In particular, elongational flow provides comparatively simple and complete stretching of polymer molecules.…”

“…In addition to these reports, conformational control of macromolecules in a flow state has been studied. One example is efficient hybridization by stretching DNA strands [8][9][10].…”

“…However, the acceleration mechanism remains unclear. Similarly to studies of DNA, theoretical studies of conformational changes in fluid are applicable to most macromolecules, including enzymes and * Corresponding author at: Micro-& Nano-space Chemistry Group, Nan- proteins [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Circular dichroism (CD) is a sensitive probe for secondary structure.…”