Direct observation of ion transfer in contact charging between a metal and a polymer

Mizes, H. A.; Conwell, E. M.; Salamida, D.

doi:10.1063/1.103139

Cited by 52 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Horn et al 1993;Gady et al 1998). Hence, despite advances made (Diaz and Felix-Navarro 2004;Law et al 1995;Mizes et al 1990) involving ion transfer (and the use of charge control agents), this model still cannot be applied in all cases of contact electrification.…”

Section: Materials and Humidity Dependencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite these advances in electron transfer models, similar success and progress has also been achieved using ion exchange models specifically involving (proton exchange) which not only works well for ionic or ion doped materials, but also where water layers may be involved relating to chemical properties such as pH and/or zeta potential (Diaz and FelixNavarro 2004;Law et al 1995;Mizes et al 1990). It has even been argued that there is 'never electron transfer with insulators' (Harper 1998), however this has not been demonstrated experimentally and is not widely accepted.…”

Section: Models and Theories For Dust And Sand Electrificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Matsusaka et al 2010). Similarly for insulators containing mobile ions, modelling involving ion exchange has provided a consistent picture and even allowed control in contact electrification (Diaz and Felix-Navarro 2004;Law et al 1995;Mizes et al 1990). Contact electrification in (non-ionic) insulating materials though, remains problematic.…”

Section: Materials and Humidity Dependencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Applications of Electrified Dust and Dust Devil Electrodynamics to Martian Atmospheric Electricity

et al. 2016

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Atmospheric transport and suspension of dust frequently brings electrification, which may be substantial. Electric fields of 10 kV m −1 to 100 kV m −1 have been observed at the surface beneath suspended dust in the terrestrial atmosphere, and some electrification has been observed to persist in dust at levels to 5 km, as well as in volcanic plumes. The interaction between individual particles which causes the electrification is incompletely understood, and multiple processes are thought to be acting. A variation in particle charge with particle size, and the effect of gravitational separation explains to, some extent, the charge structures observed in terrestrial dust storms. More extensive flow-based modelling demonstrates that bulk electric fields in excess of 10 kV m −1 can be obtained rapidly (in less than 10 s) from rotating dust systems (dust devils) and that terrestrial breakdown fields can be obtained. Modelled profiles of electrical conductivity in the Martian atmosphere suggest the possibility of dust electrification, and dust devils have been suggested as a mechanism of charge separation able to maintain current flow between one region of the atmosphere and another, through a global circuit. Fundamental new understanding of Martian atmospheric electricity will result from the ExoMars mission, which carries the DREAMS (Dust characterization, Risk Assessment, and Environment Analyser on the Martian Surface)-B R.G. Harrison

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Section: Materials and Humidity Dependencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Models and Theories For Dust And Sand Electrificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Materials and Humidity Dependencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Applications of Electrified Dust and Dust Devil Electrodynamics to Martian Atmospheric Electricity

et al. 2016

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“…2, is in good agreement with the position of the materials in the triboelectric series. Two mechanisms that have been proposed to explain the characteristic net charging of different insulating materials upon contact in the presence of an adsorbed water bridge are as follows: first, by proton exchange between acidic or alkaline surfaces, with acidic surfaces acquiring negative net charge and alkaline surfaces positive net charge; [21][22][23][24] and second, by asymmetric partitioning of hydroxide ions. 14 This effect may be strongest for two materials with low and high water permeation or uptake, forming a negatively charged, sharp adsorbed-water/polymer interface for the hydrophobic material and a less charged, diffuse adsorbed water/polymer interface for the water-absorbing material.…”

Section: H Net Charging Mechanisms and Classification Of Triboelectrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Squeezing out hydrated protons: low-frictional-energy triboelectric insulator charging on a microscopic scale

Knorr¹

2011

AIP Advances

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Though triboelectric charging of insulators is common, neither its mechanism nor the nature of the charge is well known. Most research has focused on the integral amount of charge transferred between two materials upon contact, establishing, e.g., a triboelectric series. Here, the charge distribution of tracks on insulating polymer films rubbed by polymer-covered pointed swabs is investigated in high resolution by Kelvin probe force microscopy. Pronounced bipolar charging was observed for all nine rubbing combinations of three different polymers, with absolute surface potentials of up to several volts distributed in streaks along the rubbing direction and varying in polarity on μm-length scales perpendicular to the rubbing direction. Charge densities increased considerably for rubbing in higher relative humidity, for higher rubbing loads, and for more hydrophilic polymers. The ends of rubbed tracks had positively charged rims. Surface potential decay with time was strongly accelerated in increased humidity, particularly for polymers with high water permeability. Based on these observations, a mechanism is proposed of triboelectrification by extrusions of prevalently hydrated protons, stemming from adsorbed and dissociated water, along pressure gradients on the surface by the mechanical action of the swab. The validity of this mechanism is supported by explanations given recently in the literature for positive streaming currents of water at polymer surfaces and by reports of negative charging of insulators tapped by accelerated water droplets and of potential built up between the front and the back of a rubbing piece, observations already made in the 19th century. For more brittle polymers, strongly negatively charged microscopic abrasive particles were frequently observed on the rubbed tracks. The negative charge of those particles is presumably due in part to triboemission of electrons by polymer chain scission, forming radicals and negatively charged ions

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“…In the ion transfer process, because the surface may have strongly bounded ions of one charge polarity and loosely bounded ions of the other polarity. When the tribological contact is initiated, the imbalance affinity with various ions will lead to the transfer of certain types of ions, and as a result, accumulate charge on the surface [47]. This relation, with analyses into entropy and electrostatics, is depicted in Eq.…”

Section: Ionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamental theories and basic principles of triboelectric effect: A review

2018

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Long-term observation of the triboelectric effect has not only proved the feasibility of many novel and useful tribo-devices (e.g., triboelectric nanogenerators), but also constantly motivated the exploration of its mysterious nature. In the pursuit of a comprehensive understanding of how the triboelectric process works, a more accurate description of the triboelectric effect and its related parameters and factors is urgently required. This review critically goes through the fundamental theories and basic principles governing the triboelectric process. By investigating the difference between each charging media, the electron, ion, and material transfer is discussed and the theoretical deduction in the past decades is provided. With the information from the triboelectric series, interesting phenomena including cyclic triboelectric sequence and asymmetric triboelectrification are precisely analyzed. Then, the interaction between the tribo-system and its operational environment is analyzed, and a fundamental description of its effects on the triboelectric process and results is summarized. In brief, this review is expected to provide a strong understanding of the triboelectric effect in a more rigorous mathematical and physical sense.

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Direct observation of ion transfer in contact charging between a metal and a polymer

Cited by 52 publications

References 7 publications

Applications of Electrified Dust and Dust Devil Electrodynamics to Martian Atmospheric Electricity

Applications of Electrified Dust and Dust Devil Electrodynamics to Martian Atmospheric Electricity

Squeezing out hydrated protons: low-frictional-energy triboelectric insulator charging on a microscopic scale

Fundamental theories and basic principles of triboelectric effect: A review

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